A fundamental concept of modern architecture Essay

A fundamental concept of modern computer computer architecture - Essay Examplee architecture in the modern period not only created signboard and public buildings that combine beauty and technical aspect of social efficiency, they also ensured the buildings were economical in either ways the architecture operating in the modern period were successfully blending technology with expressive modal value, history with science, beauty with practicality. These are elements that entirely changed the building environment in ways that are noneffervescent discernible today.This is an historical argument paper about the modern architecture. It is based on the definition architecture according to Siegfried Giedion and the development of the space, time and architecture concepts. The definition of modernist architecture is still an issue of debate between the art historians and other critiques. In Space, Time and architecture, Giedion argues that there is an apparent chaos in the state of hort iculture that has been brought about by contradictory tendencies between the enormous technological and industrial development and peoples values. There is a need to feel the gap between the advances in the humanity in the res publica of thought and realm of feelings.The emergence of the modern architecture in the early 20th century has been a matter of debates and arguments among contrasting architecture historians and other critics. It is believed that the modern architecture and movement emerged in the late nineteenth century and was completely formed in the 1920s, just before the World War one began. Modernism has been understood other than by different authors and critics in architecture history.2modern architecture has been reflected by such publications as The international style by Hitchcock and Johnsons that was produce in 1932 and 1995.Pevners works titles Pioneers of modern design of 1936 and Space time and Architecture that was published in the 1941 and 1982.The conte mporary accounts of the modern movement provide a contrasting view. These more architectural historians

Panasonic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Panasonic - Essay useIn 1920, Hoichi Kai was formed after WWI to ensure that all the employees, who had grown in number with the passage of time, sprained in concert in healthy collaboration. The company had grown into a big business by 1922. It was in whitethorn 2003 that the officials decided that Panasonic would be the global bell ringer name for all products of the company, with brand slogan as Panasonic ideas for heart (Panasonic, 2013c). Panasonic was already the brand name for the companies loud speakers back in 1955, and that is why it was named pan and sonic. Panasonic became the field of study brand name in the last decade, and all outdoor signs were also altered correspondingly. Now, Panasonic has become a corporate brand that offers a wide variety of spectacular products and services. With hard work, dedication and innovation as the founding principles of the company, Panasonic has become genius of the giant companies that offer a myriad of products that are present in the households of common plenty all around the world. This paper sheds light on important aspects of this extravagant brand name while focusing on important branding theories. What makes Panasonic Successful? With its head office fixed in Osaka, Japan, and nether current presidency of Kazuhiro Tsuga, Panasonic has been able to outshine many of its competitors with constant struggle, hard work and innovation as its base message. ... s saving energy and resources, planting trees, conducting cleanup activities and providing eco-based promotion and education. It is one of the basic management principles of Panasonics to care for and synchronize with the ecosystem and, that is why, Panasonic products can be termed as green products, since they care save energy while importanttaining the vitality of the environment. Panasonic products are energy efficient, and are manufactured in sites under environment friendly conditions, like reduction of emission of CO2 and other toxic gases. Eco-friendly behavior of Panasonic has do it popular among people all over the globe. Panasonic works in collaboration with consumers, suppliers, vendors, and experts to make green innovations practicable on a worldwide level. Supply chain and logistic partners have made it possible for Panasonic to go down environmental impacts during the manufacture process. Panasonic also believes in maintaining and highlighting biodiversity in areas where Panasonic sites are located. Since ecosystem-friendliness or greenness of Panasonic products is what makes Panasonic successful, we shall dig into further into the same idea. Panasonic aims to become the leading Green Innovation Company on its 100th anniversary in 2018 (Panasonic Corporation of North America, 2013b). Green Innovation Company will have two main goals Green Life Innovation, and Green Business Innovation. Green Life Innovation will make peoples lives eco-friendly by introducing more energy-efficient products and, Green Busine ss Innovation will improve organizational carrying out through modernization. Panasonic works under the principle that manufacturing impacts should be minimized in the manufacturing process. For example, products are manufactured with lead-free

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Coursework

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements - Coursework faceIn the pre-bureaucratic corporate social organization, there is a centralized structure with the role of strategic decision devising left to the top management leaders, which is the best for solving very simple problems. This system is very popular among the small corporate and mostly communication is done on one-on-one basis. Though, it lacks a fundamental role, that is, standardisation of roles and responsibility, the consequences of this structure on managerial accountability is that it helps the strategic director to influence and control development and egress of the corporate organization2. How Appointment Rights and Removal Rights Differ and Their Consequences Having looked at the Hampel Report, one comes to consensus that corporate structures and governance arrangement interchange from one country, an individual can use the same rights differ across the jurisdiction. The main explanation for this is that the structure of a particular and how it is governed would define how decisions and appointment rights come ab break through in that particular fellowship and as a result each decision comes about with its consequences3. It is how rights are allocated that would ensure that the corporation gives quality performance. For example, in a corporate structure where decision rights and appointments are left in the hands of the shareholders, there is a common tendency that the organisation would experience some positive effects in its operations. That is, the shareholders are at times driven by the desire to reap the highest revenues and profits from the company4. Therefore, it would possess sure the appointment and remotion of directors from the corporation is done in a transparent way and the appointments done based on merit. In countries where decision making and appointment rights are left to the chief executive officer because he/she has broader fear knowledge than the shareholders . The main argument for the proponents of this structure is that the chief executive officer knows how effective the mangers are in their daily business operations. In fact, they know when and how to make strategic decisions. However, the consequences of this structure are that it takes a stria of time to transfer certain decision making information to the rest of the organisation. It is also tedious to make all the decisions by oneself, and in case of the appointment and dismissal of directors, then one can demand the action taken to be personal and bias, and this can bring about some unnecessary, focus, conflict and tension in the organisation5. Another different structure is that which foresees all the decisions and appointment rights based on the management, especially if the corporation is a family enterprise. This method is always considered cheaper in terms of experts/employees hiring costs. However, this structure and governance arrangement has its own demerits. despite the savings on expenditure, decision making in this case is guided more by emotions and this out rightly affects the corporation negatively6. It also seeks to over centralize powers and rights to make decisions to the family members, this would mean that there might be lack of relevant information flowing down to other stakeholders of the corporation. However, it is important to note that decision rights and appointments fork out their own effects. Therefore, one should not be

Heroic Paradigms from Iliad to Aeneid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

mavinic Paradigms from Iliad to Aeneid - Essay ExampleThe Aeneid does not explicitly deal with Roman politics in fact it is a story about a mythological figure Aeneas who lead Trojans to Italy after the Greeks destroy their homeland. Unlike Homers Aeneas who is portrayed as a warrior who boasts about his prowess on the battlefield and then proceeds to lose in all(prenominal) one of them since he was a bad warrior Vergil projects him as a tragic figure who is in await of a rational explication about the actions of God who destroy human beings and make them suffer, The same Gods who love and shelter him. Some of the major champic paradigms that are explored in The Iliad include the ideals of heroism bra really, courage, super-strength, intelligence and nobility. The Homeric Hero is a man of action who is never incapacitated because he survives on his instinct. Unhindered by doubts he soars above humanity and performs action that ensures his ever lasting fame and glory. Achilles fi ts this description of Homeric Hero although it is observed that his caliber develops gradually by means of out the text. The readers realize that Achilles of Iliad 22 is a man with a higher mission, who is unsex to stake everything, including his own life in order to fulfill his mission. Hence he acts totally otherwise from the man of Iliad 1 who acts as a petulant child with a short temper and has the disposition of making irrational decisions. Therefore it can be inferred that the glory associated with Homeric Hero lives up to the explanation of a hero of the Greek times. So it is perceived that the audience of the time believed that a hero should be an individual above all other human beings with special qualities of bravery, strength and intelligence. On contrary Aeneas is introduced in the poem as, And suddenly Aeneas felt his limbs go numb with cold I envy your fatewhy didnt you kill me on the plains of Troy When you had the chance and free my soul with your strong hand ? (Vergil 3). In the very beginning the protagonist has surrendered his will to fate and desires death. This explication is in complete contrast to the heroic paradigms set by the Greeks. Hence from this it can be inferred that Vergils Aeneid enlightens the readers about the cultural trend during the Vergils time had shifted from hero worship to a character more closely related to a common man who suffers bruise and is not above the rest of mankind. Western Thought According to Plato and Aristotle the best way of learning is through communicating with others or collectivization. Socrates Dialectic Method is a common technique that is employed in close of the classes. According to which he sat in the market place, started of a conversation on a current topic and then picked up their flaws out of the ensuing argument and then brought each conversation to a proper ending or conclusion. A similar style of discussion and study is also employ in this course of philosophy. This method helps the students to not only think about and share their personal ideas provided also it enlightens them about the thoughts and feelings of their fellow students as well hence providing them with an opportunity to learn from the experiences or the focalise of views of other individuals. The Early Western thought processes of each writer vastly differ from one another. For theoretical account although Homer and Vergil in their respective epic poems deal with same mythological figures yet

Emily Dickinson a unique voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emily Dickinson a unique voice - Essay ExampleShe becomes more of a life force than a mortal and can see and experience almost anything. She shows that even the sm altogetherest things around usa grain of sand, a pismire, a cowcontain an enormous history and an enormous power. A mouse is capable of exalt the awe of an entire religion (Blake 56). Most significantly, she seems to call back, worry Whitman, that the narrowest hinge in my hand puts to scorn all told machinery. This is a celebration of all that has gone into creating the world and how deeply it can inspire uslike the best romantic metrical composition.Once again nature is an enormous canvas which is all interlinked and inspires great beauty. The bee is kinsman to the grass, and all the things of the world are sweet litigants for life. And on top of these sentiments, the bee is sovereign. These emphasis on nature shows how unique she is. 2 important elements of romanticism are the individual versus society and a relia nce on human sense over cold rationality. Both of these principles can be seen in effect in Rousseaus Confessions and Emily Dickinsons poetry (Knapp 102). Rousseaus long autobiography Confessions constantly points out how different and apart he is from other people. I am not made like any of those I have seen I venture to believe that I am not made like any of those who are in existence. If I am not better, at least I am different (Rousseau 23). This is a central theme of romanticism. The person who lives truly, understanding himself and nature, in tune with his emotions, is a person apart. The romantic is often portrayed as just and sensitiveeither ostracized by others because of his uniqueness or choosing like a hermit to be disengage of the conformist and corrupting world of society. This book also celebrates the power and centrality to life of emotion. He writes that, If I had ever, a single time in my

Forum 3, rape and sexual violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum 3, muck up and sexual violence - Essay ExampleInger Skjelsbaek (2006) in her research, narrates the story of a woman who was raped during the Bosnian war. Danira was raped during the war much than a one C times over, she was raped by military personnel and by groups of them (Skjelsbaek, 2006). She states that they were never the same men and hate the Muslim women (Skjelsbaek, 2006). Danira asked them to kill her as she did not want to go back to her family after going through with(predicate) the ordeal (Skjelsbaek, 2006).The Military personnel who raped her and many others with her, were not held accountable for the war crimes and did not bear any punishment whatsoever. Despite the fact that rape is held prohibited under the Geneva convention committing rape during war is a crime punishable by death or under the Article cxx of the American Uniform Code of Military Justice the perpetrator can be imprisoned (Stuhldreher, 1994). blow cases during war go unpunished due to t wo main reasons first for not world inform and secondly for rape being treated as a war weapon (Swiss & Giller, 1993 Keith, 1997).Recently womanly army personnel being raped by their colleagues or seniors has become an occupational hazards with a forceful increase in the number of occurrences (Meleis, 2013). Statistics in the documentary The Invisible War, reveal that females serving in the military in the war zones of Iraq and Afghanistan are less likely to be killed in battle and more likely to be raped by a military colleague (Meleis, 2013). Almost 20, 000 people in service are each year raped or sexually assaulted and the victimizers manage to get remote with it (Kitfield, 2012). In 2011, 883 cases in the marines and Navy were reported for sexual assault and for the army the number was 1,695 (Wilkinson & Hirschkorn, 2013). Not save women but also men suffer at the hands of the sexual victimization. The number of men being treated for Military Sexual Trauma is above

Local Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Local Government - Research Paper Exampleboth the City and the Council view that the retrogression of decision-making process would make the councilors to perform at their most effective level. The devolvement would help the councilors to promote high-quality customer-focused local services, and through the commission, they ensure that resources are adequate and available to local authorities.The devolution of authority established as part of government reform causes the bureaucracy system of traditional enate governance to become entrepreneurial governance or a mercantilist government and it is plaguing the country even the countries exclusively over the world. Traditionally, as local government and local leader, the city performs the mandate of the national government and delivers everyday goods and services to the citizens. However, the devolution requires the transfer of the national responsibility directly to the councils. Councilors lead, coordinate, manage, direct the peo ple, and guide them toward a high standard of living (Schwarz 1983). Strategic planning, that is usually done at the national level is now their routine. The citizens likewise have easy price of admission to their representatives and equal access to the goods and services even have direct access to participate in the public policy process.As a mercantilist government, the citizens are still the customers and the clients are the minority groups or the stakeholders, who, after the reform, have better access to the City officials through the councils.

Competitor's Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitors Analysis - attempt ExampleMoreover, companies much(prenominal) as dental Strategy, Dental Marketing Canada, and Chrisad have experienced personnel who belong expertise and knowledge in the delivery of services. The companies much(prenominal) as ADEI5 and Chrisad employ advanced technology done strong online services and website design packages that leads to effective consumer analysis in marting that has led to increased station awareness.Most of dentistry and food marketing companies located in this industry such as Art of centering Inc.6, Dental Strategy,7 and Dental Marketing Canada8 do not extensively exploit advanced technology to market their services. They lack comme il faut information on their websites, poor customer service, and lack of original products that limits market options. Companies such as Chrisad9, Art of Management Inc. have their headquarters outside London with many sub-branches while Dental Marketing Canada operates online services. Custo mer needs become difficult to meet because they lack the sequence and flexibility to add to customers in London. The companies like Art of Management, Chrisad, and ADEI10 also overspend in the provision of extra services such as educational programs and comprehensive practice assessments that are not the immediate demand of the target market. The market is in need of dentistry marketing and services.This company is locally based in London, and has a located location that will ease consultations with invitees. Chrisad Company is located outside London and only takes one client per city they are not heavily concentrated in the Canadian market that gives us time to develop. This company will not be overwhelmed with customers like our competitors who are already established. This will provide adequate time to attend to customers, and market our company. Eventually, demand for our services will be bolstered. Since the clientele is technologically perceptive, our development professio nal online

Terrorist Threats and Counterterrorism Response to a Terrorist Attack Essay

Terrorist Threats and Counterterrorism Response to a Terrorist Attack - Essay utilizationThe use of unmanned aerial predator and reaper jabs is seen as a new approach in counterterrorism has changed how the US combats terrorism. President Obamas administration has been able to ratchet the drone program as conflicting to the previous U.S. administration. He has managed to authorize more than hundred drone strikes worldwide mostly around the borders of Afghanistan and Pakistan gibe to Bures and Bure (2011). Despite the controversy, facing this operation, to a great extent, the American drones since 9/11 have been successful.The current search on counterterrorism builds its debate on two approaches the war vex and the criminal justice model. The war (military) model tends to structure the efforts against terrorism in terms of the military of an enemy-centric war. In such an event, the armed forces of the state argon mainly responsible for developing counterterrorism plans. The crim inal justice model advocates for the rule of law and democratic principles in counterterrorism. It has been suggested that viewing counterterrorism in terms of hard and soft power is very important. This advocates for a direct and confirming tactic in counterterrorism. Some of the strategies applied after 9/1 such as the drone strike have become popular and consistent since then. However, a change is being considered on the proficiency as it can lead to the loss of many innocent lives as well as confirmatory damage to property and infrustructure. The strategy is also seen to violate the sovereignty of some states like Pakistan.For successful resolution to terrorism, the U.S. should consider to minimize on its enemies and maximize on its allies. This element will be achieved by reestablishing and empowering their tralatitious alliances as stated by Gebicke (1999). The U.S. government has also considered softening the appeal of Muslim federalism, which will be achieved by diminishi ng the levels of moderate Muslim indifferences.The US

Robert Nozicks work entitled How Liberty Upsets Patterns Essay

Robert Nozicks work entitled How indecency Upsets Patterns - Essay ExampleNozick begins his argument by poising that people who have contrary beliefs regarding permeant justice, particularly those who leap out by notions of patterned distributive justice such as utilitarianism and egalitarianism, should not refute his distribution supposition of justice, especially with regard to holdings. Nozicks theory takes a non-patterned consideration into the element of justice in holdings. accord to Nozick, the repeated application of justice in holdings typically results in entitlement of holdings. Nozick bases his argument squ argonly on the model of non-patterned principle of distributive justice, which attempts to elucidate the fact that patterned conceptions regarding justice in distribution are typically unable to work well with notions of liberty. Nozick uses the now famous argument of droop Chamberlain to demonstrate the manner in which patterned principles that deal with just d istribution are essentially irreconcilable with all notions of liberty. Nozick poises that Rawls remainder principle fails to provide a real description of the society today. (Sandel 2007, 359). The society runs on distribution patterns, which are defined by the desires of people who in it. Various distribution patterns are entirely just because they are based on the desires of the society. However, Nozick argues that, while an alternative distribution pattern in society does not typically conform to the favored patterns of people within the society, the alternative distribution pattern is still just. According to Nozick, the Wilt Chamberlain example essentially demonstrates that no standard patterned tenet of distributive justice can be well-suited with liberty. This is primarily because, in order to conserve the patterns provided for by patterned distribution where the societys desires ordain distribution patterns, the state will need to interfere with the capacity of people to exchange freely their instinctual distributive justice on a constant basis. This is primarily because, as Nozick argues, all exchanges of distributive justice in patterned principles essentially require the constant violation of the patterns for which they were originally formulated. Nozick concludes that end-state, as well as a vast majority of patterned distributive justice principles provide for unfair ownership of people, their labor and actions. As a consequence, such principles provide for the shift from the notions of self ownership to those of limited property rights in the actions and beings of otherwise people (Sandel 2007, 358). In essence, this means that, under patterned distributive justice systems, the example of Wilt Chamberlain shows that terce parties will have a just claim on other people (Chamberlain) provided that the third parties raptus something valuable to the individual in question. Under patterned distributive patterns, third parties have legitimate sha res in the individual since their shares cannot be changed. From the reading, several misunderstandings become clear the greatest source of concern is the Wilt Chamberl

Porters Five Forces to Analyze the Competitive Environment in which Essay

Porters Five Forces to Analyze the Competitive Environment in which Ryanair operates Bargaining Power of Suppliers - Essay ExampleThe customers of Ryanair are putting on them a lot of incarnate pressure so that they can dismantle the travel expenses and improve the quality of their airline services. The customers associated with Ryanair are enjoying a higher bargaining power since switching to other airlines with better services is very(prenominal) easy with exact or no costs. In the case of Ryanair, the substitutes for their transport systems include railways, sea transport, and road transport and whatsoever strategy by them poses a threat to Ryanair profitability. However, Ryanair is still able to operate at a lower cost, leading to lower cost of services that attract more customers. The threat of new entrants in this manufacture is relatively low due to high costs involved in the initial stages of the line of credit fix up up that many cannot afford. Economics of scale can only be enjoyed by big players same Ryanair and this makes other possible investors be scared away (OCuilleannain, Falle, Sobokta, Kleinert, Chassart, Farrell, 2004). There is also difficulty in gaining rag to distribution channels that poses a barrier to new entrants. Since the airline industry is highly fragmented, competition is very high leading to low returns. In order to survive, Ryanair is constantly coming up with unique line of products models in order to outweigh their competitors and make reasonable profits. Ryanair is luck since it is based in Europe whereby European Union is a complete stable political region that provides a good environment for business to thrive. The integration of the European Union has provided an opportunity for this airline industry to expand its operations very swiftly without hurdles (Muller, 2011). The operations of Ryanair are also affected by the OPEC since its an organization that determines the fuel prices that Ryanair operates on.

18th Century of Enlightenment & Revolution Essay

18th Century of prescience & Revolution - Essay ExampleAccording to Hobbes view, the governments should have check powers and should protect the natural rights of the citizens. According to his social contract, citizens should reject monarchies and should overthrow the governments that fail in protecting the complaisant liberties and natural rights. Voltaire writings allowed the Americans to see injustices such as break ones backry and religious prejudice. The writings also defended the freedom of expression and speech1. Enlightenment helped the African Americans to challenge the old methods of thinking and challenged the divine authority of the slave owners. doubting Thomas Paine writings stressed that American colonist should be independent from British oppression since there was a need to end the ancient tyranny. The 1764 Sugar Act which increased duties on sugar imports from West Indies was dirty for Americans while the 1765 Stamp Act was unjustified on the marriage license s and newspapers since Americans had no representation in Parliament. Enlightenment led to the enactment of the American constitution in July 4th 1776, the declaration of independence reflected the original ideas of wisdom since people should have the right to overthrown dictatorial governments that fail in protecting natural rights of the citizens. ... States like randomness Carolina and Delaware had temporarily stopped slavery after the Declaration of Independence while Massachusetts gradually do provisions for the abolition3. Constitution Convention of 1787 made provisions of abolition until 1808 scarce only few States validate the provision. In 1794, the Congress prohibited the American citizens from supplying slaves to foreigners4. In 1800, Gabriel Prosser who was an enslaved African American, organized slave revolts with the plan of civil marches in Virginia but the conspiracy was unsuccessful. The African Colonization Society that was founded in 1816, facilitated in sen ding back slaves to Africa5. African Americans like Fredrick Douglass and William Wells Brown provided accounts of the difficulties that slaves were undergoing in the Southern States and started organizing other Blacks to support Underground Railway. The Underground Railway project would transport slaves to the Northern Slave Free States through seclusion thus tensions between the North and South ensured leading to fueling of the abolitionist movements. Several African Americans started organizing slave strikes in South Carolina in 1822 where Denmark Vesey, an enslaved African American carpenter together with thirty four other slaves was hanged for engaging in a conspiracy siege Charleston6. In 1831, Nat Turner who was African American preacher man led a deadly rebellion in Southampton County of Virginia where several Slaves and White Americans lost their lives after a militia quelled the rebellion. Dred Scott sued for his freedom in Missouri in the Supreme Court in 1857 but the Courts ruled own that the Federal government had no authority to end slavery. John Brown recruited slaves that raided Harpers

Key characteristics of bureaucracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

anchor characteristics of bureaucracy - Essay ExampleWebers work dealt with such dominant socio-political institutions like religious authorities, the government, industrial corporations, etc. And in the case of the government, it is through bureaucracy that it interacts with the general population. Bureaucracy asshole generally be verbalize to contain the following key characteristics efficiency, organization, procedures, protocols, laws, regulation, regimentation, specialization, etc. Weber added his own perspectives to the understanding of this construct. Firstly, Weber was not all in all critical of bureaucracy. To the contrary, he saw several positive attributes attached to the sublime type. While admitting that even the nonsuch type bureaucracy can be construed as legal domination, he goes on to say that it is an betterment over earlier forms such as charismatic domination and traditional domination (Huber and Shipan, 2002). In its ideal conception, bureaucracy brings ef ficiency, organization and concentration of the means of administration. There is also a spirit of egalitarianism seen in this type, whereby the institution helps level the social and economic differences of the general population. On the flip side, the bureaucratic experience can be impersonal and inhumane at times.Weber associated the rise of bureaucracy with the industrial revolution and the colleague flourishing of the capitalist system. Hence, he sees as connection between modernity, capitalism, urbanization and the bureaucratic rationalization of society. In his influential essays such as The City and Capitalism and Rural Society in Germany, Weber acknowledges the slicing of the sociological relevance of the urban-rural distinction. The growth of the nation-state, the development of capitalism as an international order, and the bureaucratic rationalization of to a greater extent and more areas of social life all mean that the distinctiveness of

The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy Essay

The Hitchhiker&aposs Guide To The Galaxy - Essay ExampleArthur dent, the main character of this book has adept lucky instance happening to him on a bad day. As he wakes up in the morning with a drunken hangover, Arthur finds a bulldozer outside preparing to demolish his house for making a overbold by-pass. While he thinks this day to be his worst, his alien friend Ford Prefect comes with the news that ground is being demolished by a Vogon construction fleet that is orbiting the earth to construct a new galactic bypass in the space. Arthur is lucky, as he on with Ford hitchhikes a lift alongside a Vogon starship. However, the good luck ends there as they find themselves in torturous condition, while they be finally thrown out into the open space debris.They are not perishing, as a spaceship piloted by the galaxy president Zaphod Beeblebrox along with his co-pilot Trillion spots them and picks them up into their ship. All the four along with a mentally unstable robot Marvin are now on a long research to find the lost planet, Magrathea.The meaningful chapter of the book stats next, when Arthur comes to know, in Magrathea, that the planet Earth had a purpose, to solve the spread of liveliness and universe. Accordingly, Earth served as a gigantic super computer, meant to find answers to these questions. As per the set calculations, the life of Earth was ten million years. However, the vogon construction fleet destroyed it 5 minutes before this. Since Arthur has survived as the only earthling, he grasps a proposal to being a part of project to be named as Earth Mark-II. Arthur is not keen to join this research, as it requires the extraction of his brain.The question remains, as the novel has posed, around the existence of life and universe. Looking at the different adaptations of Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, the question does not get the serious attention that it deserves. Instead, the audience seems to laugh it away, taking the sudden destruction of Earth as a dream only. However, Authors

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization Essay

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization - Essay ExampleIncreasingly, among international arrangements (such as the valet Bank and the United Nations), governance is used as a concept to both provide a broad overview of and describe the way societies manage themselves. In the dialogue routinely engaged in by the United Nations and the World Bank governance is normally spoken of in terms of three systems - the political/administrative the economic and the civil society. When looking at governance from this perspective an important additional balance is introduced into any discussion of the relationship between governance, democracy and decentralization because one is forced to pay management to the significance of decentralization for economic discipline. This represents a very significant dimension in terms of the overall well-being of the society as a whole for it can be central to the defining of its development potential.Governance has also been described and d ealt with, particularly in the past two decades, in terms of how to break the functioning of the actual political/administrative system extant in a particular country. ... rnmental organization (which frequently means the downsizing of government bureaucracies) and the strong encouragement of transparency and accountability in government. on that point is obviously a long history of discussion about and consideration of what are the attributes of democracy and pop governance. During the course of the past half century, most attention in this regard has focused upon four introductory attributes. These include the conduct inwardly a country of free and fair elections the existence of a sanely well-organized and competitive party system a delineation of, respect for, and protection of basic civil liberties and military man rights within the society and, the encouragement, support of and active participation of a vigorous civil society and, in particular, strong interest groups. While democracy and its attributes have been the topic of much thought, writing and discussion, it is still the upshot that there are not totally precise measures of or delineations of where democratic governance begins or ends within a society. In fact, democracy is inevitably a work in get on. The institutions and processes of democracy are evermore in a state of evolution. Such evolution is not always necessarily in a progressive or productive fashion. Clearly there are moments in almost all societies in which democratic processes and values suffer setbacks. Likewise, there are other times when what is normally evolutionary progress toward higher levels of democratic governance sometimes become dramatic movement. The concept of decentralization is perhaps a little less clearly defined in part because it is the newest of these concerns. One of the things that has added some misunderstanding to the give and discussion over decentralization is the frequent

Team-Working Environment Essay Example for Free

Team-Working Environment EssayComp atomic number 18 the contribution of the unlike skills described in Task 4a whilst used within a team up- inclineing environment.Communication SkillsIn a gross revenue team, conference skills are vital. They are vital because good communication skills allow someone to generate authorized contributions to a team.In a team, the most burning(prenominal) attribution is good see the light communications. favor equal to(p) clear communications is of the essence(predicate) to a team because it helps to avoid mistakes, misunderstandings being made. Clear communication tolerate be a tool used to effect penury in a positive mode. Being discreet this allows you to turn negative into positive. De-motivation occurs because of lack of communication. As a result this get out clue to lack of punctuality. Good communication will improve motivation and increase company consummateance. In amplification to that, good communication between team memb ers will enforce standards and show what standards management expects.However, poor communication can organize to low or no motivation on the part of employees. As a result, this can ternary to poor punctuality, low motivation, low confidence and low-esteem. In addition to that, poor communication can lead to employees not knowing their targets and this will result in the company stagnating as they are not stint their targets.Conflicts can happen all the time. Good communication can go a long musical mode to aid conflict management. Communication can help them members dissolve team issues and establish a way forward. Listening and meeting and with face to face communication.When an issue arises it is important to establish the correct method of communication. In the situation, it is better to use face to face contact as this method is very important because people will get to know each other and respect each other. If a team wants to be successful, then this is the way to go. Depending on the situation, for example, when conflict arises, it is better to solve the situation face-to-face kinda than through email. In other cases such(prenominal) as a team leader wanting to instigate someone of a task, a written memo could be used to remind them.If members within a team are going to work successful then the members will need to be able to understand and recognise each others differences as individuals. Another method is to get to know tea members by making face to face contact and through social encounters.When dealing with admonition, bad criticism can lead to low confidence and self esteem. Bad criticism can result in twain two things happening the person on the end of the criticism can be motivated by it or de-motivated by it. However, it is how the critique gives the4 criticism out is important. If its in a positive way fro example, a teacher is talking to a student and says look Deborah, you gift done some fantastic work here but I think you need to add a little bit to a greater extent(prenominal) detail here and you will defiantly achieve the grading criteria. This kind if criticism would give me the motivation to complete it and make sure I reach the criteria. In this case, it is important that you are open to criticism and do not take as an offensive gesture. if properly communicated then the other person will be open and understand the point you are trying to get across.Adaptability and responsiveness to different situations is important in areas such as the current business climate. Change ban be recognised through communication and implementation can be achieved through communication. Implementation often requires brave discussions taking come in and courage to take path. This will be achieved better through face-to-face communication rather than methods such as emailing.In conclusion all the skills I receive discussed above are needed to make a successful team are important. Many of the skills highlighted above com e back to good in force(p) two way communication skills and as a result will improve team gumminess and improve the way that targets are set and achieved.Now I will list the skills and why they are important.* Articulation of ideas- Important because you need to speak clearly to put your message across.* Tact- important because it involves being honorific for others and their ideas.* Effective listening- important because if you do not listen you will not know what to do. In addition to that listening as well as talking is needed or effective communication.* Sincerity- Important because you have to be sincere and honest when communicating with others as this makes you appear as a better person.* touch on for team members- important because when another person who is doing a task and you show concern, they will be more often than not return the favour and as a result the team will perform at a much higher level.* Building morale/confidence Important because if your team has membe rs who have low morale and low confidence they will not be motivated to complete the tasks that I as the team leader have set.* Questioning- Important because you need to be able to ask eliminate questions.* Defusing and resolving conflict- Important because when conflicts arise it is important that you solve it in an unbiased way that suits both parties.Communication is the most important factor within a team. It is the deciding factor in whether or not a team reaches the targets that have been set.

Saving-investment Behaviour in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Saving- enthronization Behaviour in Pakistan EssaySaving and investment funds ar two spot macro variables with micro foundations which can play a significant role in economic ontogenesis, in right awayion stableness and promotion of employment especially if seen in the context of a developing country. For self-reliance and growth objectives, militarisation of domestic resources and their efficient utilization ar the two major policy-oriented focuses today (Khan 1993). National salves are critically important to help maintain a higher level of investment which is a key determinant for economic uplift. Thereby, necessitating the analysis of saving-investment behavior and its determinants for policy implications this is a demanding area because of continuing debate on the po hug drugtial role of their determinants. In the United States, the total investment rate rose throughout the 1990s, reflecting by and large a rapid acceleration in the purchase of machinery and equipment b y the business sector, notably in unfeigned terms. In contrast, the depicted object saving rate remained flat during the 1990s, masking significant offsetting changes in the commonplace and backstage sector components. As a result, the US incumbent visor deficit widened to 4.5 percent of GDP in 2000, before narrowing somewhat in the downturn.In Japan, although both national saving and investment judge trended down during the 1990s, their levels are still well above the OECD average. Such high levels are not uncomplicated to justify, especially in the case of the investment considering the weak output growth performance. In the case of saving also, it is not clear that the substantial demographic transition ahead, together with opposite factors, can fully account for the high saving rate. Parallel declines in saving and investment have left the Japanese current account surplus in a range of 2 to 2.5 percent of GDP. (www.oecd.org/dataoecd/2/40/2726831.pdf). gibe to this websi te, there are factors driving developments in investment and saving. The rise in total investment in most countries during the 1990s was largely concentrated in the business sector, where spending on capital goods quicken sharply, especially in volume terms. In fact, after moving more or less in line with real output throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, real business investment pulled absent in the following years in some Countries. The other factor is development in saving rate. After being on a trend decline throughout the 1970s and 1980s, gross national saving rates have stabilized or risen in a large image of OECD countries since the early 1990s. Notable exceptions to this pattern are Germany, where the national saving rate continued to decline until 1995 and has remained flat since then, and Japan, where it has trended down throughout the past decade, although it remains higher than elsewhere.Developments in public-sector saving have been the dominant learn on the directio n of changes in national saving in the 1990s. In most countries, both effective and cyclically-adjusted budget deficits have either turned into comfortable surpluses or at least moved in a direction that has contributed to an increase in total national saving. At the same time, the rebound in the government saving rate in the second half of the 1990s has been accompanied by a substantial decline in private-sector saving, in a few cases completely offsetting the rise in public saving.Africa achieved relatively high growth rates in the first decade of the twenty-first century, culminating in a continent-wide average growth rate of 6.1 percent in 2007. Although rates varied across the continent, this relatively fast growth was generally shared, with several countries experiencing growth rates that exceeded their population growth rates, thus conduct to increases in per capita income. This rapid growth was generally due to increased investment financed by high goodness prices, resou rce extraction, foreign direct investment (FDI) and inflows of other foreign resources, as well as macroeconomic stability and better economic management.( Economic Report on Africa 2010 )According to this report, although, there is scant induction that pomposity reduction in many African countries achievements was accompanied by increased investment, economic growth and diversification, and robust employment creation in these countries. Investment increment contributed to the significant decline in inflation rates in many countries.In Ethiopia, Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been increasing during the last ten years. Out of the total investment projects licensed during 1992-2002, FDIs share was about 20%. Ethiopia remains an untapped and unexploited market for investors compared to neighboring countries like Sudan and Uganda. France, Germany, Italy, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and the United States are the major sources of FDI. Out of the total 39 2 FDI projects licensed by 2003, 12.7% were in agriculture and mining, 46.57% in manufacturing and processing, and 40.7% in trade, hotels, and tourism. (An investment guide to Ethiopia opportunities and conditions, 2004)According to this investment guide, there is untapped and unexploited Area of investment opportunity. Basically, these opportunities are accessible in Agriculture and related activities, Health services, Mining, Hydro power, Tourism and Manufacturing for both domestic and abroad investors. Particularly Ethiopian investors also can invest in the financial sector in the country.To support and appreciate investment practice in Ethiopia there is Technical and financial support. The Ethiopian Investment Commission, the Ministry of Trade, the Development Bank of Ethiopia and other government institutions provide financial and technical support for research projects, provide market information, and monitor return and export statistics for the industry. The Ethiopian Manuf acturing Industries Association and the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce provide the relevant trade and technical information. The presidency also encourages floriculture by allocating land and providing infrastructure. (An investment guide to Ethiopia opportunities and conditions, 2004)

Colton Jones Inc. Essay Example for Free

Colton Jones Inc. EssayMarion Jones was once the fillet of sole sh beholder and president of Chempla, Inc. in 20X1 she sold her striving to Westcoat Industries. She signed an agreement to be a consultant for five years. After being unable to recognise a profit Westcoat decided to sell their wager in Chempla, but were unable to find a buyer. Westcoat offered Chempla back to Marion Jones and an agreement was reached on September 1, 20X4.include in the agreement Marion would be majority shareholder of the newly formed corporation. A leverage legal injury was set for the brighten assets and market reputes of tales receivable, inventories, property, plant, and equipment, and accounts payable were obtained. Marion Jones with other investors was able to finance the acquisition of Chemplas cabbage assets. Colton Jones, Inca doped LIFO basis of accounting.Under the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles Codification of Accounting Standards, Codification Topic 805 furrow Combinations Colton Jones accounted for the acquisition of Chempla as they should have. The acquisition system was enjoymentd as it should have been, one entity was identified as the deriver, an acquisition date was stated, and the recognition and measurement principals are present. All parts of the acquisition that needed to put one over place were present in the case.11 GAAP Codification of Accounting Standards, Codification Topic 805 commercial enterprise Combinations Prestone, Riles, Nye AssociatesPrestone, Riles, Nye ( PRN) is a marketing communications company with offices throughout the US and a subsidiary in the unify Kingdom and they want to expand into Eastern Europe. In their efforts to do so PRN entered an agreement to acquire outstanding stock of Broadwick Communications, Inc., a firm with contacts in Europe. Brodwick has three shareholders proclaiming 25% each and eight owning the rest 25%. PRN is responsible to pay $14 million to Broadwick shareholders and f orm a new entity, BPRN International, Inc. BPRN get out conduct the activities of Broadwick and provide have two classes of stock, Common A, take and Common B, nonvoting stock. Income distributions or losses entrust be shared with the ownership of Common B shares. BPRN will be intimate 48 pct of its voting stock to PRN and 52pct to the former Broadwick shareholders. PRN plans to use the equity method to account for and report its investing BPRN.PRNs decision to use the equity method is supported by APB 18 The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock, which states, that the equity method of accounting for an investiture in parkland stock should also be followed by an investor whose enthronization in voting stock gives it the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of an investee even though the investor holds 50 percent or less of the voting stock an coronation (direct or indirect) of 20 percent or more of the voti ng stock of an investee should lead to a presumption that in the absence of evidence to the obdurate an investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee.1 PRNs investment in BPRN meets these criteria.The reason for using the equity method is to accurately report PRNs share of net income from BPRN and for PRNs investment account to reflect its share of BPRNs net assets. We agree with PRNs decision to account for and report its investment in BPRN using the equity method since it meets the requirements of GAAP as stated above. PRN also plans to acquire a majority of the voting stock in BPRN, at which time it will become a subsidiary of PRN. Since the basic accounting procedures for applying the equity method are the same in each case PRN will be able to prolong using the equity method if and when it acquires a majority of the voting stock and is required to prepare coalesced financial statements1 APB Opinion No. 18, paragraph 17.Stanomat, Inc.Stanomat, Inc . plans to acquire the outstanding familiar stock of Kesser Instruments and make it a subsidiary. An agreement is made that allows Stanomat to acquire 55 percent in two months and will purchase additional shares and outstanding shares will be purchased over a four year period. Stanomat will issue a note to Kesser payable over four years for $20 million with affaire 1.5 percent above prime. During the period of the note Stanomat will acquire unissued shares of Kesser and upon complete payment of the note Stanomat will own deoxycytidine monophosphate percent of the subsidiary. At 55 percent of ownership, Stanomat will record its investment at 100 percent ownership.We do not believe it is appropriate for Stanomat to record its investment in Kesser based on the 100 percent ownership that it has committed to purchase. Stanomat will use the equity method to account for its investment in Kesser and prepare consolidated financial statements since it owns more than 50 percent of the compa ny. However, in order to accurately reflect its share of Kessers assets and income, it should only record and report the portion that it is entitled to. FASB Statement 141R requires an merchant bank to live the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date.1 Therefore Stanomat must recognize the noncontrolling interest held by Kesser until such time as it has acquired 100 percent ownership.In caper combinations contingent shares are shares that will only be issued under certain circumstances or when certain conditions are met. A predetermined set of events must occur before the shares would be issued to investors. In this case, shares of Kesser stock will only be issued to Stanomat when a payment has been made. Deferred payment shares are issued to the investors in shape up of payment. If the Kesser had issued its shares to Stanomat in advance of payment, Stanomat would be able to report and record the investmen t based on the 100 percent of shares it had received.If Stanomat records the investment in Kesser at the 55 percent level it would not be appropriate or functional to treat the purchase as a step acquisition. Step acquisition is only necessary when the investor owns a noncontrolling interest in the investee and then acquires additional interest giving it significant influence. In a business combination achieved in stages, the acquirer shall remeasure its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at its acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting gain or loss, if any, in earnings.2 Stanomat will acquire a controlling interest in Kesser in the first transfer of stock. Therefore it will be using the equity method to record the investment. Upon acquiring additional shares there will be no need to adjust its investment accounts.1 FASB Statement 141R summary2 FASB Statement 141R paragraph 48genus Falco Industries, Inc.Falco, a provider of automotive parts, sells its par ts to aftermarket segments of the auto industry, including the manufacturer, rebuilder, warehouse distributor, mass merchandiser, and specialist. Falco acquired 10 percent voting common stock in an automotive store, Tidy self-propelled, and in the same year acquired an additional 12 percent. Falco has a June 30 fiscal year and Tidy has a year end of October 31st. At closing Falco Industries wanted to use the equity method to account for the investment in Tidy Automotive Stores. The market value of the investment in common stock on June 30th was 6 percent less that its acquisition cost.During the year Falco acquired a total of 22 percent of outstanding common stock in Tidy, which gives Falco between 20 and 50 percent of outstanding common stock, and and so Falcos interest in Tidy is significant. To account for this type of investment, Falco would need to use the equity method. The interest in Tidy would not be significant if Falco had acquired less that 20 percent, in this case Fa lco would need to use the cost method to account for the investment. If Falco had acquired more than 50 percent they would have to issue consolidated financial statements.

Breast Cancer Essay Example for Free

Breast Cancer EssayIn regard to its origin, dynamics and consequences teat crabby person canister be considered to be the second leading cause of malignant neoplastic partakeion death among US and European women (Smith-Bindman et al, 2003). Every year over 200,000 women ar diagnosed with tit crabby person, and though statistical data remains constant, the turn up scrambles significant psychological and public resonance (Jemal et al, 2004).The overall lifetime put on the line for American women constitutes 18, which fundamentally means that out of eight females born today, one will receive a summit crab louse diagnosis during her lifetime (Ogden, 2004). Mortality tempos are highest among older African American women (American Cancer Society, 2001). Simultaneously, statistics reveals that morbid chars life expectancy drop-offs by nineteen years.Although medical checkup scientists and practitioners debate on the methods regarding disease treatment and how to dimi nish the number of tit cancer cases, many public health analysts indicate roughly an education exigency of young people. Despite the fact that the jr. generations are non aware of the immenseness of detecting breast cancer early on, with the help of teens get involved and teaching others about breast cancer, to a greater extent lives will be saved.The educational program developed for young people to prevent, forecast and diminish consequences of breast cancer involves several central aspects. Primarily, audience should know the essence of the disease, in particular its nature, various risk factors associated with it and methods of its prevention. noveler generation should be informed about how breast cancer or its first signs could be notice, what constitutes post-diagnosis procedure and treatments of the disease. However, from the critical point of view, the main objective of such programs is to prevent the appearance of the disease and decrease to the minimum lethal con sequences. This primary concern and emphasis are stipulated with the conditions downstairs which if breast cancer is find on its early stages, patients have from 78% to 92% survival rate (Ogden, 200410).Breast cancer is considered to be a group of undifferentiated cells reproducing under extremely rapid rate in the area of the breast in women. The earliest changes usually appear in the epithelial cells of the terminal end buds of the breast milk system, where new cancer cells form tumors. If cancer cell are active, the tumor increases at significant rate and may result in metastasis.Being a complex process in which cells are marooned from their initial tumors and supplied trough blood and lymph systems to other organs, metastasis spreads the cancer passim the body. According to generally accepted medical practice, if size of a bump does not exceed one centimeter, it is indicated as benign (Hart, 1999), however, in any case adequate medical consultation should be provided.Medic al spareizers distinguish risk factors for breast cancer that individual can change and those that cannot be affected (Barton, 2005). Constant risk factors are considered to be be a woman, getting older, having a family history as well as previous breast cancer history, having radiation therapy to the chest area, being Caucasian, getting periods young, usually before 12 years old, having late menopause, never having children and having genetic mutation that increases individuals risk.There were several studies conducted regarding genetic mutation for breast cancer, and it was break that 3%-10% of breast cancers are related to changes in either gene BRCA1 or the gene BRCA2 (Ogden, 2004). Simultaneously, younger audience should be taught that along with so called un reckonled risk factors, there are several factors that can be affected by individuals behavior.Thus, taking hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, not breastfeeding, moderate and heavy alcohol drinking, bein g overweight and not exercising can real being qualified as risk factors for breast cancer, though not as much important as gender, age and family history (Barton, 200528).However, factors mentioned above can be controlled by every woman in order to reduce chances of developing a breast malignancy. From the practical point of view, cancer risk factors are based on probabilities, therefore proper screening and early detecting remain to be the most(prenominal) adequate methods in reducing the mortality associated with breast cancer. During the education process, the main thing that should be emphatic is that the effectiveness of treatment is directly related to the stage on which a breast cancer is detected (Barton, 2005 Ogden, 2004). The common medical practice indicates that regular mammography screening allows decreasing the mortality of breast cancer by 30% (Hart, 1999144), which means that every woman should get a yearly mammogram starting from age 40 or even earlier. During the mammography screening, the x-ray picture sometimes detects various substances in the breast, essence, character and nature of which is not recognizable and thus, it may provoke unnecessary worrying of both patient and health professional (Barton , 2005). Young woman are recommended to have a compulsory clinical breast exam done by a health professional. In addition, during clinical breast exam everywoman has an opportunity to learn how to conduct self-examination for balls and shape of the breast.One should not underestimate the value of clinical breast exams or self-examination because 15% of tumors are felt but cannot be detected by regular mammographic screening (Fletcher et al, 20031674). Although a lump in the breast is the most common way women discover a breast cancer, younger women should consider that any changes in a breast require further medical consultation and investigation. Among the clinical tests that are conducted in modern oncological clinics, some women ar e a chance to know if they have a chance of getting the disease by simply tracing back cases of breast cancer throughout the history of relatives.Contemporary oncologists consider the following signs to be those that require immediate attention from health specialistThickening or density in the breast or underarmUlcerated or change nipplePuckered or dimple skinRedness or swelling of the breastA lump near the breast, including the underarm, collarbone and neck (Ogden, 200420-22).If these abnormalities have been detected, and it should be specifically emphasized during the education program, individual should get immediate consultation (physical exam) from a health professional, get a mammogram and possibly an ultrasound, and visit a breast surgeon for examination if needed. Contemporary medicine possesses various treatment techniques for breast cancer, in particular, radiotherapy, toxic chemotherapy combinations, hormonal treatments and prophylactic mastectomies are used to treat ea rly lesions. 20-year follow-up data from the NSABP B-06 mental testing (Mirshahidi, 200425) have affirm that radiation therapy clearly decreases the rate of locoregional recurrence in patients who undergo lumpectomy.Usually, radiation treatment is given after, sooner than before, chemotherapy (Mirshahidi, 200524). Newer radiation techniques include partial breast irradiation, partial breast irradiation and brachytherapy, and interstitial brachytherapy. These techniques are under investigation and, at this point, may be used in the context of a clinical trial (Giap, 2004).Another effective treatment of the disease, adjuvant treatment, is defined as the use of systemic therapy for microscopic metastatic disease after surgical resection of the primary tumor. Chemotherapy and antiestrogen therapy are the two major forms of adjuvant treatment, and patients may be given one or both. A meta-analysis conducted by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative conclave (Mirshahidi, 2004 25) showed the benefit of adjuvant therapy in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and in women with node-negative and node-positive disease.Breast cancer can affect almost every individual, however there are certain risk factors according to which one woman has more chances for breast cancer diagnosis. From the statistical point of view, the lifetime risk of any woman getting the disease is about 18, however the lifetime risk of dying from breast cancer is scorn than 128 (Ogden, 2004).General education about the disease, possible risk factors and various screening and detection methods allow women to notice the disease or its signs before giving it a chance to spread. Simultaneously, education and compound awareness of younger generation regarding a breast cancer reveals new opportunities in preventing the disease, its consequences and diminishing lethal cases.ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society. (2001). Cancer facts and figures, 2001 (Publication No. 5008.96). Atlanta American Cancer SocietyHamid R. Mirshahidi, MD Jame Abraham, MD. (2004). Managing early breast cancer. graduate(prenominal) Medicine.Minneapolis Oct. 116(4), 23-27Joy Ogden (2004). Understanding Breast Cancer, Wiley, 2004Diane Hart. (1999).Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Plastic operative Nursing.Pitman Fall.19(3) 137-145Wylie Burke (2005). Taking Family History Seriously, Annals of Internal Medicine. Philadelphia 143(5)388-390Huan B Giap (2004). Accelerated breast brachytherapy an effective and convenient alternative for selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Womens Oncology Review. Boca Raton 4(4)251-261Mary B. Barton, MD (2005) Breast cancer screening.Postgraduate Medicine.Minneapolis Aug 118(2)27-35Fletcher S.W, Elmore J.G. (2003). Clinical practice. Mammographic screening for breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 348(17)1672-80Smith-Bindman R., Chu P.W, Miglioretti D.L., et al. (2003). Comparison of screening mammography in the unite States and the United Kingdom. JAMA 290(16)2129-37Jemal A, Clegg LX, Ward E, et al.( 2004). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2001, with a special feature regarding survival. Cancer 101(1)3-27

Crime and Hurricane Katrina Essay Example for Free

Crime and Hurricane Katrina EssayHurricane Katrina caused many forms of distress, displacement and flap to the companionship of recent Orleans and the citizens most certainly were forced to act in drastic ways for survival. The solvent by the people has been considered forms of criminal activity and in all senses of legal activity has been defined as crime. Acts of looting and violence were reported by many reporters of various news media. Crimes were non only connected by everyday citizens of New Orleans, but volunteer workers as well and even, what people saw as the most shocking display of violence and betrayal of trust, by the Law Enforcement Officials as well. What is also interest is how this destructive event altered the residents perception of what is crime and what can be considered criminal. What was erstwhile considered to be a betrayal of trust towards another member of the community had been transformed into an activity that was now a style of survival. Some of the acts varied from a need to steal because they had to (i. e. , stealing from Bath and Body works for soap, supermarkets for food, water, clothes, and so on ) and then increasing to other side of the spectrum to murder of strangers, friends, and even family.Hurricane Katrina caused a massive social disruption to the people of New Orleans and this catastrophic event would eventually lead to their partitioning of societal rules and values. And it is this breakdown that would not be lost to the eyes of the news media and would be broadcast everywhere, all across the creation (of Katrina, apocalypse 2005). The New York Times gave many accounts of the violence, destructive and slide into anarchy that was happening in New Orleans. One article, published kinsfolk 29th, 2005, After Katrina, crimes of the imagination, detailed the mass amount of looting and violent crimes in the area.The article details the fears and horrors of becoming a broken society and living in fear of your o nce loved neighbor. Another thing this article seemed to touch on was that it was possible that fear was actually caused by a trick of the mind. Some, but not all, of the most alarming stories were figments of frighten imaginations, the product of no dependable communications, and perhaps the residue of raw dealings between some practice of law police officers and members of the public. Speaking of the raw relations between some legal philosophy officers and members of the public, these supposed raw relations were only further hurt and ripped by by actions made by the police department themselves. Five police officers were accused and convicted (six course of instructions later) of dead reckoning and killing defenseless citizens attempting to cross a bridge in search of food, water and shelter. These same officers along with the help of their department attempted a brilliantly mastermind plot to cover up their crime.This include made-up witnesses, falsified reports, and a pla nted gun to prove that they were under fire by the citizens and were only essay to protect themselves. This news article Jury Reaches Guilty Verdict in Hurricane Katrina Shootings Trial by slyboots News shows the corruption and hidden brutality of the law enforcement department of New Orleans. In association with police corruption and brutality, there was a similar crime committed by five different police officers a mere two days before the crime previously mentioned. An injured 31 year old male was taken to the temporary headquarters of police by his friends in search of help.The officer drove off with the car with the injured male still in the back seat and his form were install in the torched car. The implicated officer, for shooting the injured male and attempting to cover up by yearning the car with the body still inside (oddly enough) was charged with a civil rights violation and the remaining quad were charged with obstruction of justice. This just yet another article (5 cops charged in post-Hurricane Katrina shooting, burning death) found in the Daily News archives describing the corruption and brutality of law enforcement in the face of disaster. even so the actual brutality of the police system is not entirely at fault on its own. In a New York Times article More Horrible Than Truth News Reports published September 19th 2005, described of the crimes of the people against each and against law enforcement. There were gangs shooting at rescue crews, tweak room physicians were organism confirming the rising amount of murders and rapes, and there were eye witness accounts of police officers being shot at while trying to help out a group of helpless victims. musical composition there is no excusing the horrible brutalization by the police department, it is clear to see that all of it is not always unprovoked. There conduct also been many other forms of crime in the wake of Hurricane Katrina that do not involve looting and murder. There deem also be en crimes by the state and government which have affected the residents of New Orleans. In Time Runs Out for St. Bernard Parish, an editorial in The New York Times, the housing and racial discrimination was brought to light.The parish was banning anyone who was not a blood relative from seeking shelter at the parish. Since being in a predominantly white neighborhood this was implied to many any people of color was tabu from the church. There were also crimes against the government through insurance fraud and lawsuits. Insurance companies were defrauding their clients (Attorneys arrive for opening of commencement ceremony Katrina insurance lawsuit, 2006) and then also evacuees of New Orleans were attempting to fraud insurance money away from FEMA and FBI grants (Katrina iv Years Later, 2009).The aftermath of Katrina was no match for the crime that occurred during and after it. The crime destroyed the faith and cause of the people which prolonged and deepened the chaos of New Orle ans. The news media as always played a bragging(a) role in the hype of the crime wave but without the media the true seriousness of the crime would have never been investigated and given proper consideration to improve.

Country Analysis- India Essay Example for Free

Country Analysis- India EssayIndia functions on a classless system, which heavily influences the political stance of the country. However, this democracy stems from a caste system. A caste system is a social grouping that combines a group of particular members based on specific professions and usually leads to the closing away of each individual caste.The Indian people adopted the caste system to create an easy note of communities and neighborhoods. Recently in India there has been a relaxing of the caste system depending on the part of India in which you atomic number 18 looking. In the cities you will see more of an intermingling and mix of the higher caste systems precisely as you explore the rural areas, you find a traditional form of the caste system.In recent old age India has become the largest democracy in the world. The economy is highly affected by the political situation in India. The country suffers from high unemployment and poverty as two of its main issues that currently influence the frugal standing(a) of the country.With two opposing parties with vastly different views for the vision of the economy the country is found being pulled for a free market economy and an economy that strongly opposes globalization and favors a land-for-all attitude. (Politics of India) In India the effectual situation highly resembles a common practice of law model that is found in England today but is cl come forward with Indian culture. In the courts India has a judge that acts as a neutral party that enforces the law fairly amongst each party.The presidential term too has three branches the executive, the judiciary and the legislative. The courts hold a common al-Qaida of carrying out justice to the people. (Srikrishna) One article says, According to Gallups annual public opinion polls, India is perceived by Americans as their 7th favorite nation in the world (India- join State traffic) Based kill this observation, the relationship in the midst of the unify States of American and India seems to be quite close and cordial.However, this does not mean the countries arrive always agreed on every matter. Back in the late 1990s when Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime rector he began to composeize testing of nuclear weapons and the United Sates chose to form against them and prevailly was mandated to cut off economic ties.In 2001 the United States under the Clinton face began to restrain economic discussion, opening the door for the Bush administration to partake in close monitoring of Indias nuclear weapons and began strengthening the economic ties. The two countries receive really come together in times of need such asthe attacks on family line 11,2001 and the December 2004 tsunamis.The nigh recent development in the relationship is under the pressing of the Obama administration. Right out of the gate of the first term of his presidency, President Obama addressed the issue of the Indian-American relationship and said that he was tone ending to take the steps necessary further strengthen the excellent bilateral relationship (India-United State Relations) This goal was communicated vastly amongst the administration, assuring the citizens of both countries that it was a beneficial relationship.The main person taking pity of this relationship is Hilary Clinton. As time passed the country of India became concerned that the relationship was not being as cared for manage they were assured would be done. Rather they believed the United States was more focused on their relationship with mainland China and eventually the country of Pakistan.The issues of the bilateral relationship coverd to struggle for some time, even after a insure to the White House from Prime Minister Singhin November 2010, which was to hopefully fix or strengthen the relationship. In may 2010 President Obama communicated that shared values, interests and the two larges democracies established the partnership between the Un ited States and India.(India-United State Relations) The economic relation between the United States and India has been continuing to be strengthened since the Clinton administration where the bilateral economic conversation was established. This is a system where the accountability for consultations amongst multiple high powers.(See exhibit A) (Embassy of India) Since this original discussion there restrain been multiple dialogue mechanisms to strengthen the bilateral relationship on the economy and trade issues. This includes different forums and pecuniary partnerships. In the first seven or so months of the year 2013 the United States of America amplifyd the per centum they did trade with India 7.4%. (Embassy of India)The relationship of the United States and India is perfectly summed up by the words of the National Security consultant Shivshankar Menon, From a time when we dealt with each other formally, sometimes warily, we today have a full spectrum relationship, between our governments, our peoples and our institutions.(Menon) In the year 2011 the Gross National Product emergenced over 8 billion INR, an add-on of 11,846.1 INR since 2010. It has a forecast of fol scummying a trend and reaching almost 9 billion INR for the fol depleteding(a) year. This is also a steady view of how the inflation levels haveeffected the GNP of India and will continue do so in the future.(See exhibit B) (No current data was found) (India Gross National Product) The most current GNP per capita was calculated using the PPP to the US dollar using the atlas method acting divided by a midyear population. In 2011 in India, the GNP resulted to be $1,420.00 at a rank of 142/191. In consideration of the past is a very steady increase, however, in comparison the U.S it is hardly an increase at all.(India-GNI per capita) As of 2006 India spends 3.11% of their gross national product on their education system. spiriting to increase this percent over the years and have lowered t he illiteracy rate by 2015. (Infochange India)Today when discussing the opportunity for a federation, of any kind, but especially a U.S company, to manufacture in India the support to do so is quite present. One major benefit of manufacturing in India is that the government has been putting into place a plan of action at law to create a substantial steady flow of economic progress and one of the crucial cheeks is through and through manufacturing.It began in 2010 with the implementation of a Manufacturing Policy, that industry and the government fully supports. The plan began with the rubber industry in India and where they were choosing to invest, it has continued into medical supplies, a chocolate factory and a huge factory by the sharpen marketing company, Amway.The Prime Minister has say that the commitment of expanding the manufacturing in India is of highest priority for the economic growth of the country. (Manufacturing firmament in India) Another great aspect of purs ue manufacturing in India versus a country like China is the possibility of lower wages in India, China continues to raise the minimum wage.There is also the style barrier that disappears when you choose to manufacture in India versus another foreign country with a different autochthonal tongue. There is also a younger work force in India than in China and with a similar government as that of the United States it is easier to do business.(Shilling) With all the rage to rush off and fall out manufacturing in India there are those who have doubts, like the unknown author of the article in The Economist, the author says, If India is to become the next Chinaa manufacturing powerhouseit is taking its time about it. (Manufacturing in India)When it comes to a company from the United States and whether or not to compete in India, there is good support that says to go for it. Now a days we have so many jobs outsourced to India it seems foolish to not take it a step further.Particularly in the software industry, there is a large convention that is held there annually and the United States is greatly underrepresented and most likely missing out on big opportunities, because the reality is that the betoken will go on with out the U.S present. India has been focusing on the service industry over the last years but are now moving towards an industrial form of business.Also present is a strong entrepreneurial spirit, which can be wonderful for a new company coming in because the people will be willing to get in on the ground floor of an international operation, as well as bring new ideas and twists to the table.(Americans Should Jump on the India Wave) Another aspect in universal to approach entering any country hawkishly is the exchange rate and currency. Look into how the country performs monetarily and see how the exchange rate and inflation will affect your business on the periodic operations but also over time. (Aimes)When going back and looking at the idea of manufacturing and competing in India based off the Economic Freedom index number, the index can mean multiple things for both. In general India is a 55.2 out of 100 in Economic Freedom.This is 119th out of 177, (not including Lybia) while the United States is scores a 76.0 sitting at the top as number 10 of 177. When assessing the index with the idea of a company from the Unite States manufacturing in India I look the factors that influence the index such as the jade freedom, this looks into the aspect of the legality of the labor market of the country, or in our case, India.This fashion that as a company we have to be cautious not to abuse or practice the immoral practice of extremely low wages or poor work conditions. As far as competing the issue that stands out to me pertaining to the EFI is the coddle factor, with a low score like India, as a company one would need to arrest closely at the practices taking place overseas.( big businessman of Economic Freedom) The Human Dev elopment Index in India is found in the medium HDI. Since 2011 Indias HDI decreased by 2 but is forecasted to increase .07 over the next year.The HDI refers to how the countrys population is take care of, such as livelihood expectancy, education,etc. This covers the wellbeing of the citizens of the country I think this affects the manufacture and competitive aspect equally. If the people are not taken care of who is going to manage and operate the company, as an organization it would just be something that must(prenominal) be kept in mind.(Human Development Index) Pertaining to the Global Competitiveness write up it is hard to know how they would affect us because as a country India is not present in the top 30 for the last four years. So the assumption is made the India is not as competitive as portrayed by some people, but that does not mean there is no board for growth.(Global Competitiveness Report) India holds a score of 36 on the corruption perceptions index this means tha t again when looking into entering the country either with manufacturing or competitive ambition one must asses the risk that is going be taken, such as how will the government treat your corporation as well as how will the patrons of the country view your corporation.(Corruptions Perception Index) Last but by all odds not least another report that is very useful in assessing the want to on pursuing a manufacture or competitive is the World Press Freedom Index. India is in the difficult situation range in this index meaning, that freedom of speech is kind of difficult to actually have because the government watches closely to what is being spoken and said about their country and the people in it.(Reporters without Borders) Based off the indexes and other information presented above do not believe as a company of the United States need to enter the market in India. I believe this is so because of the uncertainty of the market, as stated above India has great potential to grow and be the next China but it has been heading in that direction since the 1950s and not much change is evident.There are aspects about the country that would be desirable to enter into and if doing so I recommend the company use the outline of global standardization.This strategy uses the low cost of the country to its advantage and in the United States outsourcing is chosen for that very reason, so alternatively of just outsourcing I believe it would be wise to use this method to pursue a source up of an international branch in a country like India where there is low labor cost and where it is not necessary for the people to respond due to the fact that there is a low economic freedom and instead it relies more on the main office back in the United States rather than the host country, or in our case, India. (Aimes)ExhibitsExhibit AExhibit BWorks CitedAimes, Frederico. irrelevant Exchange. Online Lecture, Stillwater. 07 Oct. 2013. Lecture .Aimes, Frederico. internationalistic Business Strategy. Lecture. International Management Lecture. D2L, Stillwater. 09 Oct. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2013.Americans Should Jump on the India Wave. Web log post. Boston.com. N.p., 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Corruption Perceptions Index. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Embassy of India capital letter DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. Embassy of India Washington DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Global Competitiveness Report. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Index of Economic Freedom. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India GNI per Capita. India. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India GDP per Capita. affair ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India Gross National Product. TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.IndiaUnited States Relations. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 May 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.Infochange India. India Invests Just 3.3% of Its GNP on Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. sway of Countries by Human Development Index. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Manufacturing in India The Masala Mittelstand. Editorial. The Economist 11 Aug. 2012 n. pag. The Economist. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Manufacturing sphere of influence in India. , Manufacturing Industry, Indian Industries. India Brand Equity Foundation, Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Menon, Shivshankar. India, US Ties Have Come a extensive Way Shivshankar Menon. The Economic Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Politics of India. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.Reporters Without Borders. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Shilling, A. Gary. Why India ordain Displace China as Global Growth Engine. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 16 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Srikrishna, B. N. (2008) The Indian Legal Sys tem, International Journal of Legal Information Vol. 36 Iss.2, Article 8. Available at http//scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol36/iss2/8

Understanding Management Essay Example for Free

Understanding Management Essay1. How can you prep ar yourself to release an effective manager in an increasingly uncertain and global business environs?2. Would the task environment for a cellular phone company contain the same cistrons as that for a government public assistance agency? Discuss.3. What do you think are the nearly important forces in the external environment creating suspicion for organizations today? Do the forces you identified typically arise in the task environment or the world-wide environment?4. Contemporary best-selling management books often argue that customers are the most important element in the external environment. Do you agree? In what company situations might this statement be faux?5. why do you think many managers are surprised by environmental changes and hence are less able to help their organizations adapt?6. Why are interorganizational partnerships so important for todays companies? What elements in the current environment might cont ribute to either an increase or decrease in interorganizational collaboration? Discuss.7. Many companies are going green or adopting environmentally friendly business strategies. Clorox, for example, at once offers an eco-friendly household cleaner called Green Works. How do companies benefit from going green?8. Cultural symbols are commonly noticed through sight, sound, touch, and smell. For example, Abercrombie retail stores use music, attractive models, and fragrance to communicate elements of its retail store culture. Why are symbols important to a corporate culture?9. Both China and India are rising economic powers. How might your approach to doing business with Communist China be different from your approach to doing business with India, the worlds most populous democracy? In which country would you expect to encounter the most rules? The most bureaucracy?10. General Electric is famous for firing the lowest-performing 10 percent of its managers each year. With its strict no- layoff policy, Valero competency believes people need to feel secure in their jobs to perform their best. Yet both are high-performing companies. How do you account for the success of such opposite philosophies?

Education system essay Essay Example for Free

Education system study Es regulariseFrom the articles I withstand read, it seems as though parents, teachers, and the education system continue to blame sensation another for poor student performance in work and on state tests. However, I remember that each of these groups plays a key authority in student success or failure. School organisation and board members seem to be completely oblivious to the real reasons students perform poorly and parents lack involvment in their childrens schooling and education at home.I do believe that income does play a key role in education, however, I dont agree with it. Schools in low income neighborhoods dont recieve the proper funding to provide students with the materials they need to be successful in school, but the students dont score high enough on state tests to earn the school money for these materials its a lose lose situation (Barbanel, 2002). For these issues, I believe the lack of government involvment and credit is the cause of student failure.Despite all these factors, students should also be held accountable for being successful in school. Even if schools recieve proper funding, materials, and training, it is ultimately up to the student to stay motivated to succeed. From personal experience, I plunge that it was much easier to stay motivated in classes that I felt engaged in. The classes that teachers made a connexion with me in and really k revolutionary their stuff were always the classes I had a higher success rate in. I think teacher involvement is a huge deal in school, it makes a student compliments to go to school, and feel like they belong rather than just going because they have to.Recently, Maine and fourty-four other states have adopted the new Common Core standards that will make academic standards even higher for kids in grades K-12 (Gallagher, 2013). The purpose of these standards is to increase critical thinking skills and teach students to solve problems on their own. Common Core i s designed to allow teachers to be facilitators and students to take responsiblity for their own education. However, as positive and ecouraging as Common Core sounds, experts say that a drop as high as 40% will be seen in the new testing in 2015 (Gallagher, 2013).____________________________________________________________BARBANEL, J. (2002, March 31). Elementary and Middle School Report Cards. Retrieved from The New York Times http//ethemes.pearsoncmg.com/0205405940/article_06/index.htmlGhallagher, N. K. (2013, July 7). Back-to-school subject matter facing tougher academic standards this fall The Kennebec Journal, Augusta, ME. Retrieved from http//www.kjonline.com/news/test-scores-likely-to-drop-under-new-standards_2013-07-20.html

Cell Phones and Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones and Teenagers EssayDriving and talking on a cellphone phone is a major distr exploit and possible cause of car crashes. Cell phones and new engineering science is becoming the cause of more and more deadly crashes, especially when it is a teen driver. There were 3,092 deaths in distraction-related accidents in 2010, but the number is probably higher. Talking on a cell phone tour driving can make a young drivers reaction cadence as slow as that of a 70-year-old. While teenagers are texting, they spend about 10 percent of the time outside the driving lane theyre supposed to be in. About 6,000 deaths and a half a million injuries are caused by distracted drivers every year. Each year, 21% of deadly car crashes involving teenagers among the ages of 16 and 19 was because they were on their cell phones. This result has been expected to grow 4% every year.Students Against devastating Decisions (SADD) is an organization all over the country and is a recognized group th at started out 30 old age ago with a mission to prevent drinking while driving. In 1997, they changed their name because they wanted append their focus into all areas of negative behaviors such as texting while driving, road rage, and teen crashes in general. The theme Organization for Youth Safety (NOYS) is another countrywide organization that promotes empowerment and leadership for teens to take action and help save lives among their fellow road companions.

Research Paper on Smoking Essay Example for Free

Research Paper on fume EssayRecently there has been an abundance of media coverage regarding a usuals war of hummer. Recently, uppercase state has begun taking vital steps to prohibit smoking in public atomic number 18as in vagabond to make Washington a better place. in that location argon numerous arguments ab reveal the smoking. The health issues for the smoking compartment and those around them subjoin the prices and the social unaccepted of the act. Smoking is dangerous for smoker and for the atomic number 53 who is around the smoker.Firstly, smoking is dangerous for smoker, when smokers be smoking, go out take lung apprizecer. The most common form of cancer diagnosed in unite States is lung cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 14% out of all cancers, and 28% out of all cancer deaths. (ALA Lung cancer concomitant Sheet) According to the American Lung Association, Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or s even off out of eigh t (American Lung Association). Cigarette contains more than 400toxic and 4000 chemical compounds. Nicotine is the most addictive substance in tobacco. Smoking decreases the take of oxygen from reaching the tissues, giving rise to different health problems such as strokes, purport attacks or miscarriages. Nicotine is augments cholesterol levels in the body and carbon monoxide, which decreases the amount of oxygen within the body. When cholesterol level is ontogeny in blood, increases the chance that a heart attack. Smoking also prepared of chronic coughing, shortness of breath, premature aging, recurrent infections and reduced overall fitness (Diseases Caused by Smoking). Yang2Another example of health issues originated from smoking is emphysema. The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in smokers lungs are damaged (The Lung Association). Emphysema does not break down suddenly, it comes very slowly. Years of exposure to fairys causes the d evelopment of emphysema.Secondly, smoking is also dangerous for non-smokers. Lung cancer is not sole(prenominal) a trouble for the smoker, but it is also a trouble for the non-smokers. The indirect effect of smoking comes from deuce places smokers breathe out from the other person smoking, and smoke from the end of a burning fanny(American Lung Association). The American Lung Association said, Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer.(The American Lung Association) When non-smokers are stay nearby smoker, they will get some harmful effects. Kinds of cough, nausea, headache, eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness even cancer. Workplaces alone could cut off over 32,000 cancer deaths and over 75,000 heart disease deaths. According to the authorities, 83% of doer health complaints related to trouble with indoor air quality will decrease when workplaces die smokeless. unbroken exposure to tobacco smoke in the workplace nearly doubles the risk of having a heart attack.Thirdly, prices of cigarettes have been going through a dramatic increase recently. The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get stack to quit smoking (Higher Cigarette taxes). According to several(prenominal) studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults (Tobacco submit Kids). These studies show that every 10% increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by just about 7% (Tobacco free Kids).If cigarette prices were increased 10% per pack throughout the country, it would decrease the number of teenagers who become regular smokers by more than a million, saving teenager from dependence, disease and death. Studies also show that people with low income are ones that respond to the increase of prices and end up quit smoking. It is proven that smoking levels are high est among people with low incomes.Lastly, former day, people could hardly find any places without someone smoking there. like a shot it is prohibited to smoke in public places in more countries. While the number of smokers is increasing, the number of places they can smoke is declining. Many provinces crossways Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free (U.s. Environmental). A crownwork conducted by Washington state today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurantsthat were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free (Research about cigarette). Everyone is at risk for diseases caused from smoking when they are in public places that are not smoke-free. even out with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses noneffervescent look down on banning this behavior (U.s. Environmental). thither is no real evidence that proves going smoke-free is bad for the busine ss. In fact, there are many positive outcomes when a business adopts smoke-free policy. For example, maintenance cost decreases when smoke, matches, and cigarette butts are eliminated in places. Also, computer hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture work longer, and of course, peoples health is freed from danger (Higher Cigarette taxes).In result, many people have different opinions about smoking. There are many characteristic proving smoke-free places are beneficial for many reasons. The government is also trying different methods to induce people to stop smoking.The great increase in cigarette prices is the main one. They figure that this will stop people not to even start smoking. Many businesses today are changing what was used to be normal in a public area smoking. Smoke free businesses are becoming more and more common. There is no real evidence that shows that adopting smoke-free policy is harmful to businesses. It helps out the business in many areas such as main tenance. People have different opinions, but researchers prove that smoke-free public areas are good for other peoples health, not just smokers health. Eventually one day the society will be 100% smoke free.BIBLOIGRAPHYAmerican Lung Association, Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or vii out of eight (http//www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/health-effects/smoking.html)The American Lung Association said, Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer ( http//www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/facts-figures/general-smoking-facts.html)The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indirect smoking is known as the cause of cancer (http//www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html)The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in his lungs are damaged (http//www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/emphysema/)The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking, The increase of price will make them think two times about smoking. Quitting will save them currency and reduce their financial needs (http//www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20090303smoke-tax.html)According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults, These studies show that every 10 percent increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (http//www.tobaccofreekids.org/what_we_do/federal_issues/federal_tobacco_taxes/)Yang6The increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults(http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539350/)Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free(http//www .city-data.com/forum/politics-other-controversies/99626-positive-effects-non-smoking.html)A poll conducted by Washington states today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free(http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9791529)Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (http//www.davehitt.com/facts/banlinksarchive2.html)Hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, peoples health is freed from danger (http//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/10/tech/main6194761.shtml)