Breast Cancer Essay Example for Free

Breast Cancer EssayIn regard to its origin, dynamics and consequences teat crabby person canister be considered to be the second leading cause of malignant neoplastic partakeion death among US and European women (Smith-Bindman et al, 2003). Every year over 200,000 women ar diagnosed with tit crabby person, and though statistical data remains constant, the turn up scrambles significant psychological and public resonance (Jemal et al, 2004).The overall lifetime put on the line for American women constitutes 18, which fundamentally means that out of eight females born today, one will receive a summit crab louse diagnosis during her lifetime (Ogden, 2004). Mortality tempos are highest among older African American women (American Cancer Society, 2001). Simultaneously, statistics reveals that morbid chars life expectancy drop-offs by nineteen years.Although medical checkup scientists and practitioners debate on the methods regarding disease treatment and how to dimi nish the number of tit cancer cases, many public health analysts indicate roughly an education exigency of young people. Despite the fact that the jr. generations are non aware of the immenseness of detecting breast cancer early on, with the help of teens get involved and teaching others about breast cancer, to a greater extent lives will be saved.The educational program developed for young people to prevent, forecast and diminish consequences of breast cancer involves several central aspects. Primarily, audience should know the essence of the disease, in particular its nature, various risk factors associated with it and methods of its prevention. noveler generation should be informed about how breast cancer or its first signs could be notice, what constitutes post-diagnosis procedure and treatments of the disease. However, from the critical point of view, the main objective of such programs is to prevent the appearance of the disease and decrease to the minimum lethal con sequences. This primary concern and emphasis are stipulated with the conditions downstairs which if breast cancer is find on its early stages, patients have from 78% to 92% survival rate (Ogden, 200410).Breast cancer is considered to be a group of undifferentiated cells reproducing under extremely rapid rate in the area of the breast in women. The earliest changes usually appear in the epithelial cells of the terminal end buds of the breast milk system, where new cancer cells form tumors. If cancer cell are active, the tumor increases at significant rate and may result in metastasis.Being a complex process in which cells are marooned from their initial tumors and supplied trough blood and lymph systems to other organs, metastasis spreads the cancer passim the body. According to generally accepted medical practice, if size of a bump does not exceed one centimeter, it is indicated as benign (Hart, 1999), however, in any case adequate medical consultation should be provided.Medic al spareizers distinguish risk factors for breast cancer that individual can change and those that cannot be affected (Barton, 2005). Constant risk factors are considered to be be a woman, getting older, having a family history as well as previous breast cancer history, having radiation therapy to the chest area, being Caucasian, getting periods young, usually before 12 years old, having late menopause, never having children and having genetic mutation that increases individuals risk.There were several studies conducted regarding genetic mutation for breast cancer, and it was break that 3%-10% of breast cancers are related to changes in either gene BRCA1 or the gene BRCA2 (Ogden, 2004). Simultaneously, younger audience should be taught that along with so called un reckonled risk factors, there are several factors that can be affected by individuals behavior.Thus, taking hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, not breastfeeding, moderate and heavy alcohol drinking, bein g overweight and not exercising can real being qualified as risk factors for breast cancer, though not as much important as gender, age and family history (Barton, 200528).However, factors mentioned above can be controlled by every woman in order to reduce chances of developing a breast malignancy. From the practical point of view, cancer risk factors are based on probabilities, therefore proper screening and early detecting remain to be the most(prenominal) adequate methods in reducing the mortality associated with breast cancer. During the education process, the main thing that should be emphatic is that the effectiveness of treatment is directly related to the stage on which a breast cancer is detected (Barton, 2005 Ogden, 2004). The common medical practice indicates that regular mammography screening allows decreasing the mortality of breast cancer by 30% (Hart, 1999144), which means that every woman should get a yearly mammogram starting from age 40 or even earlier. During the mammography screening, the x-ray picture sometimes detects various substances in the breast, essence, character and nature of which is not recognizable and thus, it may provoke unnecessary worrying of both patient and health professional (Barton , 2005). Young woman are recommended to have a compulsory clinical breast exam done by a health professional. In addition, during clinical breast exam everywoman has an opportunity to learn how to conduct self-examination for balls and shape of the breast.One should not underestimate the value of clinical breast exams or self-examination because 15% of tumors are felt but cannot be detected by regular mammographic screening (Fletcher et al, 20031674). Although a lump in the breast is the most common way women discover a breast cancer, younger women should consider that any changes in a breast require further medical consultation and investigation. Among the clinical tests that are conducted in modern oncological clinics, some women ar e a chance to know if they have a chance of getting the disease by simply tracing back cases of breast cancer throughout the history of relatives.Contemporary oncologists consider the following signs to be those that require immediate attention from health specialistThickening or density in the breast or underarmUlcerated or change nipplePuckered or dimple skinRedness or swelling of the breastA lump near the breast, including the underarm, collarbone and neck (Ogden, 200420-22).If these abnormalities have been detected, and it should be specifically emphasized during the education program, individual should get immediate consultation (physical exam) from a health professional, get a mammogram and possibly an ultrasound, and visit a breast surgeon for examination if needed. Contemporary medicine possesses various treatment techniques for breast cancer, in particular, radiotherapy, toxic chemotherapy combinations, hormonal treatments and prophylactic mastectomies are used to treat ea rly lesions. 20-year follow-up data from the NSABP B-06 mental testing (Mirshahidi, 200425) have affirm that radiation therapy clearly decreases the rate of locoregional recurrence in patients who undergo lumpectomy.Usually, radiation treatment is given after, sooner than before, chemotherapy (Mirshahidi, 200524). Newer radiation techniques include partial breast irradiation, partial breast irradiation and brachytherapy, and interstitial brachytherapy. These techniques are under investigation and, at this point, may be used in the context of a clinical trial (Giap, 2004).Another effective treatment of the disease, adjuvant treatment, is defined as the use of systemic therapy for microscopic metastatic disease after surgical resection of the primary tumor. Chemotherapy and antiestrogen therapy are the two major forms of adjuvant treatment, and patients may be given one or both. A meta-analysis conducted by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative conclave (Mirshahidi, 2004 25) showed the benefit of adjuvant therapy in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and in women with node-negative and node-positive disease.Breast cancer can affect almost every individual, however there are certain risk factors according to which one woman has more chances for breast cancer diagnosis. From the statistical point of view, the lifetime risk of any woman getting the disease is about 18, however the lifetime risk of dying from breast cancer is scorn than 128 (Ogden, 2004).General education about the disease, possible risk factors and various screening and detection methods allow women to notice the disease or its signs before giving it a chance to spread. Simultaneously, education and compound awareness of younger generation regarding a breast cancer reveals new opportunities in preventing the disease, its consequences and diminishing lethal cases.ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society. (2001). Cancer facts and figures, 2001 (Publication No. 5008.96). Atlanta American Cancer SocietyHamid R. Mirshahidi, MD Jame Abraham, MD. (2004). Managing early breast cancer. graduate(prenominal) Medicine.Minneapolis Oct. 116(4), 23-27Joy Ogden (2004). Understanding Breast Cancer, Wiley, 2004Diane Hart. (1999).Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Plastic operative Nursing.Pitman Fall.19(3) 137-145Wylie Burke (2005). Taking Family History Seriously, Annals of Internal Medicine. Philadelphia 143(5)388-390Huan B Giap (2004). Accelerated breast brachytherapy an effective and convenient alternative for selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Womens Oncology Review. Boca Raton 4(4)251-261Mary B. 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