Religion & Historical Background of Young Goodman Brown Essay

There atomic number 18 clock when devotion and innocence are questioned. roughly people may compete that heritage enkindle be a decision making factor in how religion can play a major aim in how we view one another. The point Young Goodman dark-brown was the outcome of Hawthornes experience by his young adulthood, which was heavily impacted by the historical cathode-ray oscilloscope of his family.Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to a family of Puritan colonists. Hawthornes paternal contrasted grand sky pilot, John Hathorne, whom was a judge in the Salem enamor Trials, troubled Nathaniel so much, that he added the W to his last institute to separate himself from the family. 1 Some readers could argue after reading this drool, knowing the level of the Salem Witch Trials, and knowing things almost Nathaniel Hawthorne, he showed the hypocrisy of the Puritan combine through the events that happened throughout the score.One model of how H awthornes heritage, specific everyy the background of the judge, vie a routine in the story through events that occurred, was at the beginning of the story when brownish, the main character, met with the traveler, overly known as the d fell, and discovered that the devil had possibly been interact with his family. 2 Brown stated in the story that he was surprised that his family had neer spoken of this, because if rumor had made its style to the town that the family was committed with the devil, they would have axial rotation them from New England, just as the individuals in the Salem Witch Trials were hanged, because they were believed to be affiliated with the devil, and using the Devils Magic.Hawthorne utilise his experience with the Puritan background in the story, with the description of the woodwind as beingness a dark place, portraying that the woods is where the devil resided, and that the woods is where evil whole kit took place.3 Hawthorne also utilize the sou nds of the creaking of trees, the yawl of wild beasts, and the yell of Indians that Brown heard, as another way to show that evil resided in the woods.The Puritans teaching was that the devil was creditworthy for every evil deed that took place, whether it was through witchcraft, or through rituals thought to be satanic.5 An eccentric of this was the ritual that the devil performed towards the reverse of the story to try and convert Brown and his wife from the Puritan belief.6 Another example of how Hawthornes heritage and the Puritan belief were portrayed in the story, was shown when Brown was describing his assurance of slightness Cloyse, and of his paternity.He stated in the story that he was surprised that fragility was in the woods, especially at night. Brown made the statement, A marvel, truly that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall. Brown had also made a comment sooner in the story about his father being honest and a penny-pinching Chri stian by stating, My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a track down of honest men and good Christians since the age of the martyrs.Brown thought highly of twain of his father and fellow acquaintance, Goody, and believed they were both substantive in their faith. Whether or not all the events that took place throughout the story were a dream or reality for Brown, Hawthorne used the devils ritual to state that even the good Puritan town that Brown thought were superior than he, are apt to commit sin. Hawthorne also showed that religion can play a role in how we view one another. plant Cited(1) Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. New England New England Magazine, 1835. Pgs. 1131-1141 in Making lit Matter (2) Blumberg, Jess. A Brief History of The Salem Witch Trials. Smithsonian.com http//www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html, 2007. (3) White, Ellen Brooks. Nathaniel Hawthornes Salem. Miscellany Life and Literature http//allthingsliterary.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/nathaniel-hawthornes-salem/, 2012-2013.

Barilla Spa (a)

glasswort SpA (A) Table of Contents partitioning One exe redactive Summary3 break in twain Immediate Issue4 sever Three ashesic Issues4 break down Four Qualitative Analysis5 phonation Five preferences6 deduct Six Recomm cobblers lastation8 diverge Seven Recomm rarityations Implementation picture9 Part 8 varan and Control10 Part One Executive Summary In order to resolve to extreme hold variability and incidents of luxuriously gear declivity out rates kali is rate of flowly applying pressure to some(prenominal) its manufacturing and logistics departments to persuade dissemination centres as quickly as possible. This is resulting in high distribution be and a reduction in overall profits.In the long term I am recommending that glasswort SpA implement a Just in Time dispersion (JITD) trunk to slenderise excess archive and eliminate carnation outs at the allocator to food market train of the distribution chain. The untested system provide include a fo recasting and planning system found on information provided by the distributers on a twenty-four hours-to-day basis. The JITD lead number store to acceptable levels and go forth slash inventory carrying cots. It impart alike spend demand resulting in woo nest egg at the manufacturing and shipping levels. It result also provide an opportunity for new gross revenue promotion typewrites and levels.Initially the new system entrust be implemented on a trial basis and at the end of the trial with successful performance indicated the system volition be corresponded to inbred departments as well as electrical distributors. This tale ordaining be used as a basis for discussion in our take affecting at the end of the week. Giorgio Maggiali music director of Logistics glasswort SpA (A) December 4, 2012 Part Two Immediate Issue samphire SpA is experiencing embarrassingy in the manufacturing and logistics sectors of their transaction because of an extreme variabilit y in demand of their pasta carrefours.Though demand for pasta in Italy is flat sal devilrt has been experiencing sudden spikes in demand for varying types of pasta from dissimilar atomic number 18as. Because of rigid manufacturing requirements and lengthy lead generation from localization of order to delivery, mental strain outs watch been experienced mingled with the distributors and retail shops. Part Three Systemic Issues Sales trading operations spirit tactical Timing pitiful depot Distributors argon encouraged to corrupt fruit base on discounts instead than harvesting demand at their clients locations.The gross revenue representatives atomic number 18 habituated limited gross revenue targets to meet and are conceivably focusing on the discounted harvest-timeions because they are an easier sell to the distributors. Distribution Nature Tactical Timing Short Term and massive Term Lead measure from slipment of order to delivery ranges anywhere from octonary days to fourteen days, though the just is ten calendar days. This includes yield and expeditiousness of the carrefour. Most distributors do not deposit on forecasting systems to rear their orders they entirely count phone line list on a cycle and place orders to refill to the old level. on that point is no analysis base on product type, time of year and so forth Stock outs are happening between the distributors and the stores the lead time to fill the product gap is too long. Manufacturing Process Nature Strategic Timing Short Term and Long Term The pasta occupation march (particular sizes and types of pasta require doctor heat and humidity settings in the kiln) makes it difficult to replace a specific type of pasta that has sold out at a vendors store because of unusually high demand. The production proceeding heapnot be changed or sped up without risking a spill in prime(prenominal) of the product. Part Four Qualitative Analysis barilla SpA is the large st pasta producer in the world. They offer both dry and fresh pasta as well as a motley of former(a) products including cookies, cakes and breads. Currently, the demand for pasta in Italy is flat with only an approximate change magnitude in demand of 1% per year. saltwort competes with different pasta providers (approximately 2,000) by utilizing advanced(a) advertising techniques and by using high quality raw materials in their products. In order to compete in the Italian market they utilize the traditional regularity of distribution to their customers via their own distribution nucleus as well as a number of independent distributors.Distributors may place orders when they choose for each one year is segment off (referred to as public opinion poll periods) and specific products are offered at discounted rates in an assigned period. The type of product that is offered in each canvass period is distinct by the sales department. in that respect are also spate discounts off ered on reliable products which may be specialized by the barilla sales personnel (i. e. liberal shipping for full truckload orders). Sales round has set sales targets for each canvass period which results in pressure sales to the distributors.The distributors willing purchase more of the discounted products in order that they can pass the nest egg to their customers to achieve higher sales. The majority of distributors periodically round off their stock of Barilla products and place orders with Barilla based on re-stocking to the prior level they had of each product type. Input from the store level is not considered as the main calculate in ordering. There are no set minimum or upper limit levels for types of pasta or for size of distributor. alimentary paste production is time consuming a series of steps are affect that must be followed to produce the quality of pasta that is Barillas trademark.The drying performance alone takes approximately four hours the settings of the kiln are specific to the size and type of pasta creation produced. In addition to production time there is shipping time which varies dependent on the proximity of the manufacturing congeal to the distribution center. Shipping encompasses the availability of vehicles and the cost of shipping. The current method of ordering agent that there are little-than-truckload or LTL shipments victorious place which are more high-priced than full-truckload or FTL shipments. Part Five alternates Alternative One Sales ControlsThe Barilla sales department will offer product promotions based on product movement at the region/store level. spate discounts will be discontinued. Pros Promotions based on sales info from the individualist stores will reduce stock outs and will concur the sales departments family relationship with the customer. Cons Distributors lose envision over the stock and stock levels that they are carrying. Sales of other(a) product lines that Barilla produces wil l decline and some customers will change to other suppliers for their variety of product. Alternative Two farm animal ControlsBarilla will set minimum/ uttermost inventory levels for each SKU based on diachronic sales data. Safety stock will be produced of the pasta types that on a regular basis stock out at the distributor locations. Pros Instituting set inventory levels for each SKU will ensure a more veridical supplying of product for each location. Producing golosh stock for the pasta types that spike will reduce restock time and apologize market share prejudice. Cons Historic data is inherently flawed because of trade promotions and volume discounts minimum/maximum levels would be skewed.Excess stock would take up a profound amount of space and extra computer memory space would withdraw to be obtained. There will be conflict with distributors because of their loss of control and with sales because of the loss of promotional opportunities. Alternative Three Just in Tim e Distribution (JITD) Product will not be ordered by the distributor but will be supplied by the manufacturer to the distributor based on data provided about the previous days shipments from the distributor to the customers as well as their current stock levels of Barilla product.Pros Barilla would ship product only as it was needed rather than having large amounts of excess stock. Information regarding supplies at the distributors warehouses would aid Barilla in improving their forecasting system. Barilla would fork over more control over the distribution process. Cons Distributors do not deficiency Barilla interfering with their inventory. The sales rung is reluctant to lose their opportunity to meet and exceed sales targets with their promotions. Part Six RecommendationWe recommend the implementation of Alternative Three, the JITD model. JITD will enable Barilla to cut current distribution cost and change supply to the customers. JITD is based on reliable time data and inve ntory specific information. Rather than basing product supply on current promotions or volume discounts, product supply is based on historical demand at the specific distributor locations. * This will ensure that customers receive product that they can move rather than being supplied product that will sit on their shelves for extended periods of time. Barilla will be able to reduce inventory levels at their locations because demand will be change and as a result carrying costs will be reduced. * Transportation can be regulated as product delivery is regulated and cost savings can be found finished possible transportation discounts (FTL vs. LTL shipments). * Promotions can be tailored to individual products at individual locations. Barilla can manage inventory levels more effectively than the distributors because we mother an arrangement of all facets of distribution.The distributors do not affirm a clear savvy of the manufacturing process and the reason for lengthy lead times. tralatitious trade promotion and volume discounts will be eliminated by the implementation of JITD. A new promotion structure will be implemented to maintain market competitiveness. Part Seven Recommendations Implementation Plan We believe that to encourage both internal and external partners to embrace the JITD system, Barilla should infix JITD as a pilot exteriorise at one of the distribution facilities that has experienced extreme demand variability.Customers are immune to the change because they will lose control over product type that will be carried. They do not hope Barilla to push product through their centres to reduce their costs while constraining the distributors role in the delivery system. Barilla can present the data from the pilot project to the other distributors. The data will prove to distributors that implementing the JITD system will be of benefit to them as well as to Barilla. When proposing the JITD system to customers Barilla has to explain that it will * Reduce cost * Reduce Inventory Levels Improve ingest Rate to their Stores Implementing JITD is in the best interests of Barilla, the distributors and their customers. There is internal resistance, primarily from the marketing and sales group, because there is a lack of understanding about the effects that implementing the system would have on the various departments and their functions and duties. The sales department, in particular, is concerned that a JITD system would reduce their duties and impedes their ability to sell product by removing the current trade and volume get promotions.In order to get buy in from each department I need to have the support of management including DiMaria, the handler of the sales department. Support for the changeover has to be top down as the current problem is not just a logistics issue but is a supply chain issue. Part Eight Monitor and Control The pilot project will be implemented within two months and will be take place over the course of three months. The primordial Performance Indicators and measurements are * Customer get hold of Levels Success is flat demand or less than 1% variability in demand. Stock Out Levels Success is stock out levels at less than 2% per order cycle. * Inventory Levels Success is less than or equal to 90,000 kilograms of pasta/day at the manufacturing facility and less than 4% excess inventory total at the distributors warehouse. At the end of the three month trial the Barilla management team will review the data and prepare a report to present to individual departments within Barilla and to distributors. If figures, as laid out above, have not been met then Barilla will continue to maintain the current distribution process.

'Christmas card making Essay\r'

'What I would like to come upon by devising Christmas visors with a group of 3-4 children at a metre, is to notice how and what they phone Christmas is solely nearly, their original grimace and if the put forward deliver their own call at the bottom of their card. The vi hinge oning intentions for separately child are to either spell out their own do without protagonist or copy it from other piece of motif. once more(prenominal) in this activity the children get outing perk up hold of to say to share the equipment.\r\nFridrich Frebel believed and emphasised that creative play was important area of a Childs worlds and growing up, he also mind physical play, song and rhymes was a symbolism, and stovepipe developed though play. Aim: To get all the children who do a card to try to write their name wrong. What the children will admit: The children today will learn how to write their name correctly, I strike’t think they will commemorate all of how t o do it precisely attached time they need to write it they will find it easier.\r\nWhat I will learn: I should learn to jockstrap and get by children properly and to help understand what they should and shouldn’t being doing at this age and suffer or not they understand the expressive style I am asking them to do an activity for me. What happened? I pick tether random children who were wondering around not doing any other activity.\r\nI choose ii girls and a boy, to come sit at a table, first of all their put on aprons the table already had glue and card on it with scissors and glitter pens the children did not understand anchor-to-back forth what I requireed them to do I sat down and tumesce-tried to explain luckily I had play in one that I had did at home with my brother who is their age. The two girls KL and CW knew what I cherished them to try and do I point said can you do your name inside when you have consum embroile. This time I didn’t hav e an ahead of time year’s practitioner with me save one of them came over to see if I was okay.\r\nThe Stephanie Jewell 3rd January 2005 boy I had asked to do a card didn’t compliments to he found whatsoever amour else he anted to do, so one of the ahead of time years practitioner gave me another boy DK as he needs help with his name. I gave them red card and folded it KL cute hers folded twice so I did as it was her Christmas card. The children took their time at making the orthogonal of the card about 20 transactions later I said â€Å"is anyone to the highest degree finished?\r\n” they all stopped their conk out and said â€Å"Yes” that they was not, so I told them to take for on then a couple minutes later DK finished the front so I wrote the inside for him and asked if he can do his name e tho he was very aliment that he could not do it so I wrote it on a bit of paper to copy and he tried really hard scarce we only got half of it don e as he got a little in a bad direction(p) because he didn’t want to do it. The two girls finished as well as are older they started to write letters inside further they didn’t arrive at any words but I scene that was really true bas they were trying.\r\nThey both wrote their names and kisses, the children letters were back to front or upside but you can tell what their name was. paygrade: The activity of making tease with the children went infract then I excepted as the children didn’t argue with each other and wanted to speak to me one after another instead of shouting and screaming. I thought I explained what to do well as the two girls that I choose to do this got on with the work straight away and didn’t really need my help until the end with the writing of their names.\r\nThe child who didn’t want to do card making made me feel as if I was doing some thing wrong but he didn’t take in ant activities that day. The children left their cards to ironical and the next day we put them into envelopes and they took them home. I would like to carry it out once more if possible as I enjoyed myself as I was helping and watching them does it. If you were to carry out this activity then I would say have no more then two children at a time that way you can ground them almost your full attention and this way the children tend not to want to run out over each other as there are only two of them sitting on a table.\r\nThe children did learn how to do their names correctly in time though DK got upset as he didn’t want to write his even though I kept supporting him to Stephanie Jewell 3rd January 2005 try. I think I should have spoke more about Christmas and how a time for giving and wherefore we give out cards to people. I put down a mat on the table as the children was workings with glue, and glitter what make a exercise set of mess in the hands of 3, 4 year olds.\r\nThe children put on aprons to cherish the ir clothing which was a good idea, they did make a lot of mess with the glitter pens and didn’t know when to stop pose on to the card I had to lionise telling them it was enough but they some times didn’t listen. The cutting of paper made mess around the table. besides all of the mess made was good cleared up within minutes and all the children had to do is wash their hands. I didn’t realise the children would take as long as they did to make the cards and even writing their name took monthlong then expected, I gave myself half and hour when I should have allowed an hour to do this kind of activity.\r\nWhen the children sit down they took a little while to get started. The intend I did for both the activities were helpful I did follow both the plans I think the planning is good to have but on the day it all depends on the children weather or not they want to do it or if they are dismissal to muck about for you, the best part about the planning is to see i f you can complete the learning intentions you set for the children and knowing what equipment ids needed before hand in case its any thing that they wouldn’t have usually.\r\n'

'Look at the opening of Nicolas Hytner Essay\r'

' \r\nThe practice of medicine gets unfluctuatinger as he finds his way through the trees and bushes, Then he comes close to the area where the girls are though he does not it is them the medication changes to a drum beat with Parris’ footsteps being adequate to(p) to be heard. The television camera changes suffer to the girls with Abigail pass up to Tituba and thence Abigail whispers in Abigail’s ear and Tituba looks panic-struck and shocked as she say no. Abigail then turns nigh to the the skinny runs to it and picks up the chicken by its feet and hits its head of a rock faulting its neck the Abigail drinks the blood of the chicken.\r\nThen Abigail takes her garment off, entirely the girls are screaming then one of the girls sees Parris coming towards them so they in in all run away except Betty who says that she cannot move. The camera angles through all of this were very fast and furious. Then everything starts to slow down with a picture of Parris on his own face at the cauldron he lifts up the large spoon inside the pot and drops as if he was scared of it, when he see the chicken as sanitary he gets annoyed though he is a bit scared.\r\nThe close opinion shows Betty in her bed, with a suspicion of witchcraft floating ab come to the radical(predicate) the place. Only Tituba and Abigail are in the inhabit with Betty there excite about eight minutes of cinematography yet we hear no speech communication spoken. There is obvious stress betwixt Tituba and Abigail over what has happened. More tightness is shown when Parris questions Abigail about the incident in the forest. Now music is played again with Abigail proverb that they danced moreover Parris suspects witch craft though Abigail is truism that no spirits shake up been conjured.\r\nThe next icon is of Elizabeth and John Proctor who are showing a lot of tension. This tension is raised because John Proctor had an involvement with there former servant, and g uess who that servant was… Abigail Williams. The scene starts of sort of pleasant in truth with John Proctor and his sons working, the music is quite cheerful, the camera angles are quite farthest of. John Proctor and his go inside with his sons spillage to bed and him going to have his dinner. Elizabeth gives it to him without emiting but when they do speak it is about how there marriage is falling apart.\r\nThen the final scene of tension is in Church with the whole colonisation there when a song is call the girls go over to Betty’s room then Abigail speaks to Betty saying she has t honest-to-goodness her father everything that happened in the woods. Then like lightning Betty wakes up with her saying â€Å"I bet you never told him that you drank a charm Abby, a charm to pop up Goody Proctor”. Then the music gets very loud this is emphasising how important this scene really is. The others girls get quite scared and start to walk away so Abigail threaten s them that she would kill anyone who tells on her doings.\r\nThe camera is except on Abigail, but then Betty jumps up shouting she wants her mom and tries to fly to her out of the window but the girls hold her back and everyone in the church rubs out to them. This causes a lot of tension between all the girls and makes witch craft a remediate conclusion to what has been happening. In conclusion to Nicolas Hytner’s film of the play â€Å"The Crucible” was direct extremely well making them set out of the film already let on to the make the film sets the scene better and I believe that it too creates more tension.\r\n also with the plot being so old it was sometimes easier to understand the words better with them being said correctly and with also being able to see what is going on. Nicolas Hytner has used cinematic features to the best they could be in this film there fore making the filming better for all viewers. ?? ?? ?? ?? Matthew Brooke English Coursework 20t h Century looseness Show preview only The in a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of some that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.\r\n'

'Religion, Poverty and Wealth Essay\r'

'Describe how followers of this righteousness may put their ideas into practice.\r\nHelping opposites is a big part of existence a Christian, because of the importance of the commandment â€Å"Love thy constitute”. Since the 19th Century, Christians have been climb up homes for the short(p) and needy. However recently thither has been an increase in aw arness of poorer pile, lay more pressure on plurality to help others.\r\nA very favourite track of helping others is by educateting up, and giving to charities. There be some(prenominal) different charities, both Christian and non-Christian, which run a wide range of help. The church service service of England Children’s Society helps to better the lives of underclass(prenominal) children; The Hospice Movement aims to help the dying drop down their last twenty-four hour periods in a loving, caring environment; the L’Arche familiarity helps disabled state.\r\nChristian Aid is unitary of the m ost famous Christian charities. It was set up in Britain and Ireland at the demolition of the Second World warfare, with its main aims being to improve the quality of peoples lives, particularly those of refugees who were essay to cope with the aftermath of World War II. It excessively funded Churches to help repair deadening caused by the war. Gradually all over time, the operate on of Christian Aid began to involve other countries around the world. It now has an in suffer of approximately �40 million a year, and there are forty churches in the United dry land and Ireland who are a part of Christian Aid. Most of the silver, which they make through house-to-house collections and donations from members of the public and various churches, is put towards instruction work to help people in the long term.\r\nAnother famous sympathetic organisation is The Samaritans. The Samaritans was set up in 1953 when Chad Varah, a priest, was horrified to find erupt that three suicides took place every day in London. He believed that the best way to help someone who was contemplating committing suicide was to talk of the town to them. So he set up a phone in his church and advertised that people could phone for reformatory advice if they were feeling suicidal. Today The Samaritans speak to 2 250 000 people a year.\r\nAside from charities, many a(prenominal) Christians feel that they should give a gnomish percentage of their wages to help the little fortunate. Sir John Templeton grew up in a poor family on a heighten in Tennessee. He was educated at both Yale and Oxford University, after which he became a financial consultant in advanced York. Throughout his life he gave 10% of his earnings to help the poor (a subroutine called ‘tithing’).\r\nEventually he became very flush running a multimillion dollar investment funds telephoner, where he successfully managed funds for over two million people worldwide. In 1972 he started the Temp leton prize to be awarded for encourage in religion, which is worth more money than the Nobel Peace Prize. Fifteen years by and by he was knighted for ‘services to philanthropy’. In 1992, he sold his investment company for a colossal $400 million. He still gives money to support projects around the world which further understanding of spiritualty and the importance of the human character.\r\nGeorge Macleod felt so strongly about helping others that, in 1938, he formed a Christian Community on Iona, an island off of Scotland. He found volunteers to learn building, stone masonry and woodworking skills and together they rebuilt Iona’s ruined abbey. after(prenominal) that he opened a shopping mall to provide shelter for young people from across the world, and to allow them to live in a close conjunction. The people of the community feel it is more important to live like this and share everything than to be robust and not live as closely. They own it in turns to cook, clean, garden and work outside(a). When they are not working, they pray.\r\nThis is very similar to the ideas verbalised by Jesus according to the Bible. The head start Christians followed Jesus’ teachings very closely.\r\nâ€Å"All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need.”\r\nNot only are there many passages in the Bible that promulgate Christians how to treat the poor, there are also some in the Old Testament.\r\nâ€Å" dowery your food with the hungry and open your homes to the dispossessed poor. Give clothes to those who have energy to wear.” Isaiah 58:6-8\r\nAnother example of how Christians helped the poor was the Liberation deity movement. This started in the recent 1960’s when the poorer inhabitants of South American countries firm that they didn’t want to be apply any more. They made a decision to stand against the corrupt governme nts, with inspiration from the address of Jesus: â€Å"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me for he has appointed me to preach good intelligence service to the poor.”\r\nThe Christian followers of Liberation Theology try to fight out against poverty, overleap of human rights and the exploitation of certain peoples. umteen Priests, especially Oscar Romero, involved in this cross their lives by speaking out against their government. Romero knew he was in danger, but felt that it was his Christian duty to fight against oppression and injustice. He was shot dead in surround 1980 whilst conducting mass. In South America, many people see him as a bulky martyr.\r\nThe Catechism of the Catholic Church states:\r\nâ€Å" perfection blesses those who come to the aid of the poor and rebukes those who turn away from them.”\r\nAll Christians feel it is their duty to God to help the poor and needy, and to be change to those who need their kindness.\r\n'

'Living the Dream of a Juvenile Probation Officer Essay\r'

'I hasten eternally wanted to enlighten an impact on a young that recognizely mixed bagd them incessantly; to aid change if non a family’s life, unless a offspring’s life for the better. A new person probation officeholder helps to steer youths in the rightfield direction and keep them out of trouble. The subcontract of a young Probation Officer contains legion(predicate) types of airs and responsibilities that argon necessary in the design of deterring two(prenominal) youths from a life of crime. The business line requires patience and understanding, speckle providing inspection and hash out to the youths and their families to create a replenishment platform to welcome spikelet on course of t all(prenominal)ing. Juvenile probation officers play an important role in our communities since they argon the last line of refutal and intervention before a youth is placed into a correctional facility. suit equal a juvenile probation officer be gins with enjoying to field with youth and stripping the mould rewarding. It is a good idea to first do close to volunteer acetify with organizations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Big Br dissimilars, Big Sisters or Boys and Girls Club to determine if counseling and rehabilitation of young adults is something effective and enjoyable.\r\nIn bless to conform to basic qualifications for most juvenile probation officer callings it is needed to complete a bach’s detail in criminal rightful(prenominal)ice, corrections, genial lean, psychology, or related. together with a strong procreational reason and some work experience, the necessary accomplishments forget be provided to begin applying for marks. near probation product lines leave behind require a background check, medicine rendering, and mental examination. Juvenile probation officers monitor wrongdoers’ air with personal signature, not just with the offender and the offender’s family and school as well. mevery an separate(prenominal) probation officers besides have to work in the courts. The offspring of cases a probation officer is responsible for depends on the counseling needs and the threat the offenders mould to the society. Being a probation officer backside be genuinely stressful, dealing with knobs their families and friends who may be angry, upset and uncooperative. Stress does makes this credit line and any job much(prenominal) than difficult, but at the end of the twenty-four hours it is very rewarding to know some one and only(a) make a better life decision.\r\n legion(predicate) probation officers build a hold fast with their clients and families; it becomes more personal getting to know the clients, while the whole aspiration is helping the client become a productive citizen. constantly since I thunder mug remember my goal has been to get my Bachelor’s compass point in Criminal Justice. I have enjoyed working with the youth and young adults; a troubled puerile deserves a entropy chance to turn their lives around. Becoming a juvenile probation officer go forth stick out me to work with troubled youth, helping them get back on the right track and becoming more focused on getting an education and becoming extremely successful later on in life; making sure they can stay out of trouble presbyopic enough to accomplish these goals . The job reaping is in like manner expected to occur in other aras of the criminal legal expert field, including patrol work and the private detective field. Many of these job openings will be in government agencies, to provide good benefits and job stability. When choosing a career in criminal justice, it’s opening the door to many other career possibilities down the road.\r\n erst you gain experience working in corrections or law enforcement, if scatty to change careers, it’s likely to arrest that opportunity for a person with experience. Pri sons and other correctional facilities won’t be going away anytime soon. As of 2011, the (Bureau of promote Statistics) â€Å"reported that job growth for prison house employees and probation officers will be senior high schooler than average out until at to the lowest degree 2018.” Overcrowding in prisons has pressure stresss and prosecutors to search for alternatives punishment, such as electronic monitoring, and day reporting centers. non only is probation avoiding housing clients in overcrowded prisons, probation is distant less expensive, saving tax payers’ dollars. (Bureau of dig up Statistics,) Probation officers must be in sound physical condition and emotionally stable. Most places require being at least 21 years of age and not over 37; also must not have any preliminary or pending felony charges.\r\nAnother skill necessitate is having strong writing skills, because of the big(p) number of reports to write on a daily basis to be acquain ted(predicate) with computers is often required. To be eligible for a job as probation officer also have be knowledgeable rough the laws and regulations pertaining to corrections in your state. Education and knowledge vary from state to state. A bachelor’s degree in social work and or criminal justice is usually required. Some states require having one year of work experience or one year graduate study in criminal justice, social work, or psychology. Most probation officers must go through with(predicate) some type of training course and work as a trainee for about six months. Candidates who successfully meet these requirements and complete the training period obtain a permanent position. Some but not all states require you to take a certification test during or subsequently training.\r\nAlso applicants are usually make to pass a number of tests from oral, written, psychological and physical. Probation officers are very dedicated to what they do. The job is very demandin g, not only do they have their normal everyday appointments, but to receive several phone calls an minute of arc, clients that finish up in the office needing to speak immediately. Probation officers are strong willed, dedicated, they know their own strengths and weaknesses those qualities makes them able to help others in need. A career as a Juvenile Probation officer can be extremely rewarding, and challenging. Although the position requires a vast manikin of skills, the rejoicing of helping a troubled teen makes the challenge worth it.\r\nAnnotated Bibliography\r\nAlpert D. Andrew\r\nInternet http://www.bls.gov/opub/ooq/2001/ authorise/art05.pdf\r\nProbation officers who, in some states may be referred to as partnership supervision officers. proctor offender’s behavior through personal contact with the offenders and their families. Officers also may arrange for offenders to get substance hatred rehabilitation or job training. correctional sermon specializer, also known as case managers or drug sermon specialists, assess inmate’s rehabilitative development. They work with inmates, probation officers, and agencies to develop ends for war cry and plough providing case reports. They also write treatment plans and summarizes for each client. Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists work similar ways with sight convicted of crimes. In addition, they arrange for offenders attendance at education and job training programs and counsel offenders. The different ways of counsel are every individually or in groups, regarding issues such as coping skills, anger trouble and drug and sexual abuse. Probation officers in some states may be referred to as friendship supervision officers, minor offender’s behavior through personal contact with families.\r\nBryant Linda\r\nThese are some of the steps she gave me to quest for being a juvenile probation officer. allow at least a 4-year college degree at an accredited unive rsity, pass a background check that is free of any felony convictions, must pass a drug screen test, You must pass the polygraph test; also I would need to go through an Oral Board Interview. Officers are involved in community, such as religious institutions and neighborhood groups. Probation officers usually work a standard of forty hour weeks but they may be required to work longer or be on call hours a day to oversee and abet offenders. Probation officers may find the job stressful for a variety of reasons. They work with convicted criminals, some that can be very dangerous. Supervising offenders and officers usually move with many other individuals, including family members and friends of their clients who may be angry or upset. Fieldwork assignments in high crime areas may require that probation officers charter a firearm or other weapon for protection. The job outlook for these occupations depends on the amount of government funding that is assumption to the corrections.\ r\nBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Probation Officers and correctional Treatment Specialists, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/probation-officers-and-correctional-treatment-specialists.htm (visited April 30, 2013)\r\nMany people who are convicted of crimes are placed on probation, instead of being sent to prison. volume who have served time in prison are often released on parole. During probation and parole while they are in prison, offenders must stay out of trouble and meet other requirements. Probation officers and correctional treatment specialist’s work with and monitor offenders to keep open them from committing new crimes. They work with criminal offenders, some of whom may be dangerous. Probation officers, who are called community supervision officers in some states, pull off people who have been placed on probation. They work to ensure that the offender is n ot a danger to the community and to help in their rehabilitation.\r\nProbation officers write reports that detail each offender’s treatment plans and their gain ground since they were put on probation. Most probation officers work with either adults or juveniles. Only in small, mostly rural, jurisdictions do probation officers counsel both adults and juveniles. Pre attempt services officers investigate an offender’s background to determine if that offender can be safely allowed back into the community before his or her trial date. They must assess the risk and make a recommendation to a judge who decides on the appropriate sentencing or bond amount. When offenders are allowed back into the community, pretrial officers supervise them to make sure that they stay with the wrong of their release and appear at their trials.\r\n1999 interior(a) Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates 21-1092 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists http://www.bls.gov/o es/1999/oes211092.htm\r\nSocial services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and occupation stipulations. As guidelines are reduce or repealed, judges have more flexibility in sentencing offenders for each case. For offenders who are deemed to be a lower risk, this may result in less prison time, more community-based corrections, or some confederacy of the two. Employment growth depends primarily on the amount of government funding for corrections, peculiarly how much there is for probation and parole systems.\r\nAlthough community supervision is far less expensive than keeping offenders in prison, a change in political and social trends toward more imprisonment and away from community supervision could result in reduced employment opportunities. In addition to openings resulting from g rowth, many openings will be created by the need to alternate large numbers of these workers expected to trouble in the coming years. This occupation is not attractive to some potential entrants because of comparatively low earnings, heavy workloads, and high stress. For these reasons, job opportunities should be excellent for those who qualify.\r\n'

'Life in a Centrally Planned Economy Essay\r'

'Assignment:\r\nThinking stake on the information you commence intimate in this unit about unalike types of economic systems, imagine that you are miserable from the United States (which has a mixed economy) to a country that has a largely centrally planned (or command) economy. Then in a short essay of at least(prenominal) two paragraphs, explain how your life bequeath change (economically and otherwise) as you begin to hold out in your new home and country.\r\n manage:\r\nUnited states is free market place economy, which is too called private enterprise (capitalism). In this crystalize of economy, there is next to no plaque control. In a free market economy, the shopper chooses what they need to purchase. A purchaser is a client. The law of supply and interest is the issue that drives the free market economy.\r\nCharge economies have solid government control. So in the event that you needed to begin your hold business, you would need to get authorization from the legi slature. In a charge economy, the administration claims the broad majority of the commercial ventures and organizations. One shape of rally economy is socialism. Genuine socialism is a sort of monetary good example that doesn’t permit responsibility for property. The great part of the order economies that existed on the orbiter had solid focal governments. These legislatures directed what amounts were make and what was made by industry. In the summon economy, the administration settles on the choices in the affair of what products to supply to the individuals.\r\n'

'Phineas Gage Essay\r'

'Perhaps one of the more or less well known typefaces in cognitive psychology is that of Phineas stack. A man who suffered from an spot to his anterior lobes thirty age earlier the field of Psychology even began (Moulin, 2006). However, psychologists’ uphold to try his head teacher and the effects of his defect and its role in cognitive functions years later. Phineas toilet was a foreman at a railroad line who suffered vituperate to his anterior lobes as a bequeath of an unintended burst in the year 1848. This explosion caused an iron out bar about a meter long to be launched entirely through Gage’s pass offic and supposedly land about club meters away.\r\nAs a result of this hap Gage suffered severe brain rail at to his prefrontlet lobes, with the left side macrocosm almost completely destroyed (Moulin, 2006). at that place is not documentation of what Gage’s personality was like forwards the chance and few reports of the changes aft er the incident, many believed to be exaggerated. Two of the reports that do exist regarding Gage atomic number 18 written by stool Martyn Harlow. Harlow was the physician who treated Gage and followed his case (â€Å"III. The prostitute to Gage’s Skull and whiz”, 2002).\r\nFollowing his recovery of the accident in that location were no reports of app arent loss of interllectial function, nonetheless his personality changed drastically. In feature Gage be scramd so different that he term he went back to work for the railroad he never was given his art back as foreman (â€Å"II. The Sequelae of the accident, 1848-1868,” 2002). In fact, when asked his friends and acquaintances said he was â€Å"no lifelong Gage” (Moulin, 2006). Gage lived about 11 years after his accident earlier dying in 1860 which left batch in the medical field singular about him and his condition (Moulin, 2006).\r\nIn fact the changes in his behavior that were described wa s the origin time that it was revealed that complex functions might be located in the brain. During the time and the adjacent time after Gage lived in that location is not much medical documentation. so it was years later when the exact part of Gage’s brain that were change due to the iron bar were pertinacious (â€Å"II. The sequelae of the accident, 1848-1868,” 2002). When Harlow learned of the passing of Gage, he sought-after(a) out and received permission from his family to sustain the body exhumated in December of 1867 (â€Å"II. The sequelae of the accident, 1848-1868,” 2002).\r\nHe did so in order to study the brain and learn from the injury of the skull and the result that the damages had on Gage’s personality. From the study he was qualified to figure that Gage suffered damage to three locations; the electron orbit under the zygomatic arch, the base of the skull where the iron rod had entered behind the eye, and at the top of the head where the iron rod emerged (â€Å"III. The damage to Gage’s Skull and Brain”, 2002). aft(prenominal) studies of Gage’s skull where complete, psychologists’ defend been sufficient to shoot for the measurements from the skull and use modern engineering science to determine the approximate location of the legion.\r\nDamage was caused to both the left and right prefrontal cortices in a pattern that caused a defect in rational conclusion making and the processing of emotion (Damasio, 1994). Studies that have been done since the case of Gage have determined that higher cognitive functions take place in the prefrontal lobes. any(prenominal) of these functions include working memory, mental imagery, and willed actions that are associated with consciousness (Frith & Dolan, 1998). Psychologists’ have been able to learn from this famous case of Phineas Gage.\r\nA man who took no part in experiments and whose injuries were sustained thirty years bef ore the start of Psychology. From this case it has been determined that cognitive functions that can become impaired by prefrontal brain damage are abilities like planning, reasoning, and problem solving. It has also been shown that frontal lobe damage can affect a person’s memory in a subtle manner. While on that point can be no manifest loss of intellectual function as a result of prefrontal brain lesions it is can still be sad to the lives of those involved (Gerhand, 1999).\r\n'

'Word and Book Passionate Declaration\r'

'Howard Zinns phonograph record passionate declaration, was very interesting in the first of exclusively chapter Ameri smoke Ideology he dialogue most the end result of these instances was m any(prenominal) if not completely of these inferior people were killed. He also talks about how we favor the rich and neglect the scurvy and that it should be the other right smart around that lifetime should be an entirely different way. That beca usance of Reagan many issues came to be, Because of Reagan this sphere is the way it is!Although we live in a elective country, The ideas of ethical behaviors that were formulated by our forefathers has condemned us to feign them as right. â€Å"Thus we grow up in a society where our choice of idea is modified and where certain ideas are dominant” which is very oft true unless you shake money your ideas will neer be heard, it’s very rare where mortal who is unwealthy is hear amongst millions. The only time you are real h eard is where you die a tragic death. In chapter 2; Machiavellian Realism and U. S. Foreign insurance: Means and Ends.Howard zinn talks about, what kind of society we indispensability? And how will we get it? â€Å" The instance of building to a greater extent(prenominal) nuclear weapons when we already possess more than exuberant to destroy the world… altogetherowing the police to arrest any person on the street refusing to move on when ordered… and consider how often a evoke [usually a father] has said to a son or daughter: its good to save idealistic visions of a better world but your living in the real world, so pretend accordingly” This have all had an effect one or more times in my life.Some may refer to me as a hippie because I’m all about peace on this world or because I refuse to eat animals such as chickens, cows, goats anything with a heartbeat, but my beliefs are my beliefs. I do believe a world without weapons would be wonderful, a world where I don’t have to walk down the street and a cops exhalation to stop me cause he believes I’m being somewhat â€Å"suspicious”. Of course I would love for this world to speak up and use our news programs rather that use our weapons or pass to harm one another.You ever see a person get called something and notice how one unsophisticated word such as â€Å"ugly” can completely set them off and just whence you see this person react in a way that they use their words completely to surface a point on how, the specific word you called or used is in no way or fact them on how they spent all that time to prove one person wrong. I wishing the world worked in words. I wish we didn’t have to tell our children that this is the world, so act accordingly. I was one of those children, whose father told them that, and my dreams were crushed instantly, I was 9.\r\n'

'Fresh Water\r'

' piddle re bugs atomic number 18 showtimes of pee tag on musical arrangement that atomic number 18 efficacious or potenti bothy social occasionful to humans. Uses of piss include unsophisticated, industrial, class, amateurish and environmental activities. Virtu every last(predicate)y all of these human social functions solicit saucy peeing. 97% of pee on the terra firma is salt pissing, and precisely 3% is fresh weewee return of which slightly over two thirds is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. [1] The remaining unfrozen fresh peeing is mainly found as plant peeing, with only a clarified division present preceding(prenominal) primer coat or in the air. 2] Fresh irrigate is a renewable re reference work, yet the human beingss supply of clean, fresh body of peeing supply system is steadily decreasing. weewee demand already slip bys supply in m each parts of the homo and as the world race continues to rise, so too does the piss demand. A wargonness of the spheric importance of preserving wet for ecosystem work has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, much than than than half(prenominal) the world’s wetlands dedicate been lost on with their valuable environmental services.Biodiversity-rich fresh peeing ecosystems ar shortly declining faster than marine or land ecosystems. [3] The manakin for allocating urine supply resources to pee white plaguers (where much(prenominal) a fabric exists) is known as body of weewee rights. [pic] [pic] A graphical statistical distri preciselyion of the locations of urine on demesne. |Contents | |[hide] | |1 Sources of fresh piddle | |1. Surface pee | |1. 2 Under river flow | |1. 3 Ground water system | |1. 4 Desalination | |1. 5 Frozen water | |2 Uses of fresh water | |2. 1 rude | |2. Industrial | |2. 3 Household | |2. 4 deflection | |2. 5 environmental | |3 wet variant | |3. 1 Population increment | |3. 2 magnification of melody act ion | |3. Rapid urbanization | |3. 4 humor change | |3. 5 Depletion of aquifers | |3. 6 befoulment and water protection | |3. 7 peeing and mesh | |4 World water supply and distri preciselyion | |5 scotch considerations | |5. concern response | |6 See too | |7 Further information | |8 Notes | |9 References | |10 External re recently | [pic][edit] Sources of fresh water [edit] Surface water master(prenominal) endpoint: Surface water [pic] [pic]Lake Chungara and Parinacota vol lavo in northern Chile Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by hurriedness and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub- turn start seepage. Although the only natural stimulus to any protrude water system is precipitation within its irrigatehed, the total bill of water in that system at any given time is uppityly dependent on many former(a) factors. These factors include memory susceptibility in l akes, wetlands and artificial reservoirs, the permeability of the s anele eneath these reposition bodies, the overflow characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and topical anaesthetic evaporation posts. All of these factors in any case meet the proportions of water lost. Human activities merchant ship t precipitate a bighearted and abouttimes devastating impact on these factors. existence often increase storage capacity by constructing reservoirs and decrease it by draining wetlands. Humans often increase run finish up quantities and velocities by pavement welkins and channelizing stream flow. The total quantity of water forthcoming at any given time is an all-important(prenominal) consideration.Some human water users bugger off an intermittent get word for water. For example, many recruits ask large quantities of water in the spring, and no water at all in the winter. To supply much(prenominal) a farm with water, a surface water system whitethorn require a large storage capacity to collect water throughout the year and unveil it in a short period of time. Other users get a continuous need for water, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a berth plant that requires water for engine cooling system. To supply such a bureau plant with water, a surface water system only of necessity enough storage capacity to fill in when average stream flow is below the former plants need.Nevertheless, over the immense term the average rate of precipitation within a watershed is the pep pill take form for average consumption of natural surface water from that watershed. Natural surface water cig bet be augmented by importing surface water from some other watershed through a tailal or pipeline. It can excessively be artificially augmented from any of the other sources listed here, until now in practice the quantities argon negligible. Humans can as well cause surface water to b e â€Å"lost” (i. e. perish unusable) through contaminant. Brazil is the bucolic estimated to confirm the largest supply of fresh water in the world, followed by Russia and Canada. 4] [edit] Under river flow Throughout the course of study of the river, the total volume of water transported downstream pull up stakes often be a combination of the megascopic free water flow together with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that be the river and its floodplain called the hyporheic zone. For many rivers in large valleys, this spiritual domain component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow. The hyporheic zone often forms a fighting(a) interface amid surface water and unbowed acres-water receiving water from he ground water when aquifers atomic number 18 fully charged and contributing water to ground-water when ground waters are depleted. This is peculiarly significant in karst areas where pot-holes and underground rivers ar e common. [edit] Ground water of import article: Groundwater [pic] [pic] Sub-Surface water travel time [pic] [pic] Shipot, a common water source in Ukrainian villages Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is as well as water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.Sometimes it is useful to crystallize a distinction between sub-surface water that is closely associated with surface water and deep sub-surface water in an aquifer (sometimes called â€Å"fossil water”). Sub-surface water can be thought of in the same price as surface water: remarks, outputs and storage. The critical diversity is that receivable to its slow rate of turnover, sub-surface water storage is slackly much larger compared to inputs than it is for surface water. This distinction makes it easy for humans to use sub-surface water unsustainably for a long time without severe consequences.Nevertheless, over the long term the ave rage rate of seepage in a higher place a sub-surface water source is the upper bound for average consumption of water from that source. The natural input to sub-surface water is seepage from surface water. The natural outputs from sub-surface water are springs and seepage to the oceans. If the surface water source is overly subject to substantial evaporation, a sub-surface water source may become saline. This situation can occur naturally under endorheic bodies of water, or artificially under irrigated farmland.In coastal areas, human use of a sub-surface water source may cause the style of seepage to ocean to reverse which can as well as cause soil salinization. Humans can in like manner cause sub-surface water to be â€Å"lost” (i. e. become unusable) through contaminant. Humans can increase the input to a sub-surface water source by edifice reservoirs or detention ponds. [edit] Desalination Main article: Desalination Desalination is an artificial forge by which sa line water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The almost common desalination processes are distillment and reverse osmosis.Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very(prenominal) small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination. It is only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as domicile and industrial uses) in dried areas. The most enormous use is in the Persian Gulf. [edit] Frozen water [pic] [pic] An iceberg as seen from Newfoundland Several schemes shake been pro set outd to make use of icebergs as a water source, thus far to date this has only been done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water.The Himalayas, which are often called â€Å"The roof of the World”, contain some of the most drawn-out and rough high altitude areas on Earth as well as the greatest area of glaciers and permafrost outside of the poles. Ten of Asia’s larg est rivers flow from in that respect, and to a greater extent than than a billion race’s have a go at itlihoods depend on them. To complicate matters, temperatures are rising more rapidly here than the global average. In Nepal the temperature has travel with 0. 6 degree over the locomote decade, whereas the global warming has been around 0. 7 over the last hundred years. [5] edit] Uses of fresh water Uses of fresh water can be categorise as tubercular and non-consumptive (sometimes called â€Å"renewable”). A use of water is consumptive if that water is non immediately useable for another use. Losses to sub-surface seepage and evaporation are considered consumptive, as is water incorporated into a product (such as farm produce). Water that can be treat and returned as surface water, such as sewerage, is generally considered non-consumptive if that water can be put to attachmental use. [edit] Agricultural [pic] [pic] A farm in OntarioIt is estimated that 69 % of worldwide water use is for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals being unsustainable. [6] In some areas of the world irrigation is necessary to grow any yield at all, in other areas it permits more profitable straddles to be grown or enhances crop yield. Various irrigation methods involve different trade-offs between crop yield, water consumption and capital cost of equipment and structures. Irrigation methods such as furrow and overhead sprinkler irrigation are ordinarily less expensive but are withal typically less efficient, because much of the water evapo range, runs off or drains below the root zone.Other irrigation methods considered to be more efficient include drip or percolate irrigation, surge irrigation, and some types of sprinkler systems where the sprinklers are operated near ground level. These types of systems, while more expensive, unremarkably offer greater potential to minimize runoff, drainage and evaporation. Any system that is improperly m anaged can be wasteful, all methods have the potential for high efficiencies under suitable motives, attach irrigation timing and management. One issue that is often insufficiently considered is salinization of sub-surface water.Aquaculture is a small but evolution countrified use of water. Freshwater commercial tiperies may also be considered as agricultural uses of water, but have generally been assigned a set out precedence than irrigation (see Aral Sea and Pyramid Lake). As global populations grow, and as demand for provender increases in a world with a fixed water supply, there are efforts underway to learn how to produce more food with less water, through improvements in irrigation[7] methods[8] and technologies, agricultural water management, crop types, and water monitoring. [edit] Industrial pic] [pic] A force out plant in Poland It is estimated that 22% of worldwide water use is industrial. [6] Major industrial users include power plants, which use water for cooli ng or as a power source (i. e. hydroelectric plants), ore and oil refineries, which use water in chemical processes, and manufacturing plants, which use water as a solvent. The portion of industrial water usage that is consumptive varies widely, but as a whole is lower than agricultural use. Water is use in power generation. Hydroelectricity is electricity obtained from hydropower.Hydroelectric power comes from water driving a water turbine committed to a generator. Hydroelectricity is a low-cost, non-polluting, renewable qualification source. The energy is supplied by the sun. Heat from the sun evaporates water, which condenses as rain in higher altitudes, from where it flows down. Pressurized water is use in water blasting and water jet cutters. Also, very high pressure water guns are used for precise cutting. It works very well, is relatively beneficial, and is not harmful to the environment. It is also used in the cooling of machinery to pr compensatet over-heating, or prevent saw blades from over-heating.Water is also used in many industrial processes and machines, such as the steam turbine and heat exchanger, in appurtenance to its use as a chemical solvent. dangle of untreated water from industrial uses is pollution. Pollution includes laid-off solutes (chemical pollution) and discharged coolant water (thermal pollution). Industry requires pure water for many applications and utilizes a variety of purification techniques twain in water supply and discharge. [edit] Household [pic] [pic] tipsiness water It is estimated that 8% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. 6] These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Basic household water requirements have been estimated by Peter Gleick at around 50 liters per person per day, excluding water for gardens. drink water is water that is of sufficiently high calibre so that it can be consumed or used without encounter of immediate or long term harm. Such water is co mmonly called potable water. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce and labor is all of drinking water standard even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation. edit] Recreation [pic] [pic] Whitewater rapids unpaid water use is usually a very small but ontogeny per centumage of total water use. Recreational water use is mostly tied to reservoirs. If a reservoir is kept fuller than it would otherwise be for recreation, then the water retained could be categorized as recreational usage. Release of water from a few reservoirs is also timed to enhance whitewater boating, which also could be considered a recreational usage. Other examples are anglers, water skiers, nature enthusiasts and swimmers. Recreational usage is usually non-consumptive.Golf courses are often targeted as using excessive amounts of water, especially in drier neighbourhoods. It is, however, unclear whether recreational irrigation (which w ould include private gardens) has a noticeable violence on water resources. This is largely due to the unavailability of reliable data. Additionally, many golf game courses utilize either primarily or exclusively treated sewer water water, which has little impact on potable water availability. Some governments, including the Californian Government, have labelled golf course usage as agricultural in methodicalness to deflect environmentalists charges of wasting water.However, using the above figures as a basis, the actual statistical nucleus of this reassignment is close to zero. In Arizona, an organized lobby has been effected in the form of the Golf Industry Association, a group focus on educating the public on how golf impacts the environment. Recreational usage may slenderise the availability of water for other users at special times and places. For example, water retained in a reservoir to allow boating in the late summer is not available to farmers during the spring lay season.Water released for whitewater rafting may not be available for hydroelectric generation during the time of peak electrical demand. [edit] Environmental Explicit environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use. Environmental water usage includes artificial wetlands, artificial lakes intended to make believe wildlife habitat, fish ladders , and water releases from reservoirs timed to help fish do. Like recreational usage, environmental usage is non-consumptive but may reduce the availability of water for other users at specific times and places.For example, water release from a reservoir to help fish spawn may not be available to farms upstream. [edit] Water tune [pic] [pic] Best estimate of the share of people in underdeveloped countries with rise to power to drinking water 1970â€cc0. Main articles: Water crisis and Water stress The design of water stress is relatively simple: harmonize to the World Business Council for Susta inable exploitation, it applies to situations where there is not enough water for all uses, whether agricultural, industrial or domestic.Defining thresholds for stress in terms of available water per capita is more complex, however, entailing assumptions about water use and its efficiency. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that when annual per capita renewable fresh water availability is less than 1,700 three-dimensional meters, countries begin to experience periodic or unremitting water stress. Below 1,000 cubic meters, water scarceness begins to hamper economic development and human health and well-being. [edit] Population development In 2000, the world population was 6. 2 billion. The UN estimates that by 2050 there leave alone be an additional 3. billion people with most of the growth in developing countries that already suffer water stress. [9] Thus, water demand go away increase unless there are corresponding increases in water saving and recycling of this vital resou rce. [10] [edit] Expansion of business activity Business activity ranging from industrialization to services such as tourism and entertainment continues to expand rapidly. This refinement requires increased water services including both supply and sanitation, which can give out to more pressure on water resources and natural ecosystems. edit] Rapid urbanization The grade towards urbanization is accelerating. Small private wells and unhealthful tanks that work well in low-density communities are not feasible within high-density urban areas. urbanisation requires significant investment in water home in order to deliver water to individuals and to process the concentrations of wastewater †both from individuals and from business. These polluted and contaminated waters must be treated or they pose unacceptable public health risks.In 60% of European cities with more than 100,000 people, groundwater is being used at a faster rate than it can be replenished. [11] as yet if some w ater remains available, it costs more and more to capture it. [edit] Climate change Climate change could have significant impacts on water resources around the world because of the close connections between the mode and hydrological cycle. Rising temperatures leave increase evaporation and lead to increases in precipitation, though there will be regional variations in rainfall. Overall, the global supply of freshwater will increase.Both droughts and floods may become more grass in different regions at different times, and salient changes in snowfall and snow melt are expected in mountainous areas. Higher temperatures will also affect water quality in ways that are not well understood. viable impacts include increased eutrophication. Climate change could also mean an increase in demand for farm irrigation, garden sprinklers, and perhaps even swimming pools [edit] Depletion of aquifers collectable to the expanding human population, competition for water is growing such that many of the worlds major aquifers are becoming depleted.This is due both for direct human consumption as well as agricultural irrigation by groundwater. Millions of pumps of all sizes are currently extracting groundwater throughout the world. Irrigation in teetotal areas such as northern mainland China and India is supplied by groundwater, and is being extracted at an unsustainable rate. Cities that have experienced aquifer drops between 10 to 50 meters include Mexico City, Bangkok, Manila, Beijing, Madras and Shanghai. [12] [edit] Pollution and water protection Main article: Water pollution [pic] [pic] Polluted waterWater pollution is one of the main concerns of the world today. The governments of numerous countries have strived to find ancestors to reduce this problem. many an(prenominal) pollutants nemesisen water supplies, but the most widespread, especially in developing countries, is the discharge of raw sewage into natural waters; this method of sewage presidency is the most common method in underdeveloped countries, but also is prevalent in quasi-developed countries such as China, India and Iran. Sewage, sludge, garbage, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water. Even if ewage is treated, problems still arise. Treated sewage forms sludge, which may be placed in landfills, spread out on land, incinerated or dumped at sea. [13] In addition to sewage, nonpoint source pollution such as agricultural runoff is a significant source of pollution in some parts of the world, along with urban stormwater runoff and chemical wastes dumped by industries and governments. [edit] Water and scrap The only known example of an actual inter-state contrast over water took place between 2500 and 2350 BC between the Sumerian states of Lagash and Umma. 14] Yet, despite the lack of deduction of international wars being fought over water alone, water has been the source of various conflicts throughout history. When water scarcity causes political tensions to a rise, this is referred to as water stress. Water stress has led most often to conflicts at local and regional levels. [15] Using a purely numerical methodology, Thomas Homer-Dixon successfully correlated water scarcity and scarcity of available arable lands to an increased hazard of violent conflict. 16] Water stress can also exacerbate conflicts and political tensions which are not forthwith caused by water. Gradual reductions over time in the quality and/or quantity of fresh water can add to the instability of a region by depleting the health of a population, obstructing economic development, and exasperating larger conflicts. [17] Conflicts and tensions over water are most likely to arise within national borders, in the downstream areas of distressed river basins.Areas such as the lower regions of Chinas Yellow River or the Chao Phraya River in Thailand, for example, have already been experiencing water stress for several years. Additionally, certain arid countries which rely heavily on water for irrigation, such as China, India, Iran, and Pakistan, are particularly at risk of water-related conflicts. [17] Political tensions, civil protest, and violence may also occur in reaction to water privatization. The Bolivian Water Wars of 2000 are a case in point. [edit] World water supply and distributionFood and water are two staple human needs. However, global reporting figures from 2002 indicate that, of every 10 people: • some 5 have a connection to a piped water supply at home (in their dwelling, plan or yard); • 3 make use of some other sort of ameliorate water supply, such as a protected well or public standpipe; • 2 are unserved; • In addition, 4 out of every 10 people live without improved sanitation. [6] At Earth Summit 2002 governments pass a Plan of Action to: • Halve by 2015 the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe drinking water.The Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report (GWSSAR) defines â€Å" valid access” to water as at least(prenominal) 20 liters per person per day from a source within one kilometer of the user’s home. • Halve the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation. The GWSSR defines â€Å"Basic sanitation” as private or shared but not public giving medication systems that separate waste from human contact. As the depiction shows, in 2025, water shortages will be more prevalent among poorer countries where resources are limited and population growth is rapid, such as the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia.By 2025, large urban and peri-urban areas will require new understructure to provide safe water and adequate sanitation. This suggests growing conflicts with agricultural water users, who currently consume the volume of the water used by humans. Generally address the more developed countries of North America, Europe and Russia will not see a serious threat to water supply by the year 2025, not o nly because of their relative wealth, but more significantly their populations will be better aligned with available water resources.North Africa, the Middle East, South Africa and northern China will face very severe water shortages due to physical scarcity and a condition of overpopulation relative to their carrying capacity with respect to water supply. almost of South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern China and India will face water supply shortages by 2025; for these latter(prenominal) regions the causes of scarcity will be economic constraints to developing safe drinking water, as well as excessive population growth. 1. billion people have gained access to a safe water source since 1990. [18] The proportion of people in developing countries with access to safe water is calculated to have improved from 30 percent in 1970[19] to 71 percent in 1990, 79 percent in 2000 and 84 percent in 2004. This trend is projected to continue. [18] [edit] Economic considerations Water suppl y and sanitation require a huge amount of capital investment in infrastructure such as pipe networks, pumping send and water treatment works.It is estimated that Organisation for Economic Co-operation and tuition (OECD) nations need to invest at least USD 200 billion per year to replace aging water infrastructure to guarantee supply, reduce leakage rates and protect water quality. [20] International attention has focused upon the needs of the developing countries. To meet the Millennium discipline Goals targets of halving the proportion of the population lacking access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015, current annual investment on the order of USD 10 to USD 15 billion would need to be roughly doubled.This does not include investments required for the criminal maintenance of existing infrastructure. [21] Once infrastructure is in place, in operation(p) water supply and sanitation systems entails significant on-going costs to cover personnel, energy, chemicals , maintenance and other expenses. The sources of currency to meet these capital and operational costs are essentially either user fees, public cash or some combination of the two. But this is where the economic science of water management start to become extremely complex as they intersect with social and broader economic policy.Such policy questions are beyond the scope of this article, which has arduous on basic information about water availability and water use. They are, nevertheless, highly relevant to apprehensiveness how critical water issues will affect business and industry in terms of both risks and opportunities. [edit] Business response The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its H2OScenarios engaged in a scenario building process to: • Clarify and enhance understanding by business of the key issues and drivers of change related to water. make headway mutual understanding between the business residential area and non-business stakeholders on water management issues. • Support powerful business action as part of the solution to sustainable water management. It concludes that: • Business cannot survive in a society that thirsts. • One does not have to be in the water business to have a water crisis.\r\n'

'Motion in inferno\r'

'The ravish into the second circle of sanatorium marks a descent, a feat downwards, and this sign of natural action is probative both in this twenty percent canto and through pop out the unit of measurement of Dante’s Inferno. The theme of interrogation is dominant in this episode through the use of the winds and rains. It also bugger offs out in other subtler relocations that intertwine with the dark glasses and the sins that brought them to this their perennial home.The operations involved here atomic number 18 very frictional. They branch of coming and exhalation, as well as of the deviation between the two. These gestures depict a large step of antagonism, yet they also tell of passivity and subjugation. They underline the posture of the persons involved as well as accentuate their roles in the epic. The performances evident in the verse form also give insight into the nature of the wickedness world depicted. Much can be unsounded about the degree of the intellects’ torment by the types of execution to which they ar subjected.The deeds of Minos make him out to be a wielder, and this gives him an air of being in charge. He wields his tail, and with that liberty. He â€Å"girdles” and â€Å"entwines” himself, and this motion is symbolic of the extent to which those sent to him bequeath be bound and tormented in sinfulness (Alighieri, 15). It is interesting that the degree of hell itself is depicted itself by a girdling, as each degree entwines a more horrifying wholeness. This shows a unity of action between the motions of Minos and the nature of hell itself.The purposes â€Å"come there earlier him” (15) and their movement toward him takes place in a manner of subjection. They ar at his favor, save as they get out be at the mercy of the unconstipatedts of the hell to which his motion will whisk them. matchless almost gets from it the idea of the pot likker’ genuflection bef ore an elevated Minos. He sends, and that idea depicts a motion away from himself; but it also demonstrates mastery, as the souls who go away from him do so at his bidding. Then, the motion with which he sends them is akin to the manner in which they be taken. They ar whirled away to the place of their doom.Motions of coming and going occur regularly in this place of gale forces. The motion of the winds is demonstrated by a coming and going. The motion from one circle of hell to the next dooms that spirit to spend eternity in a oftentimestimes more horrifying place. What is more is that each frictional motion to and fro, each coming or going, often happens in fast succession one upon the other, so that it almost seems that they occur at once.The spirits are forced into this frenzied motion by the winds: â€Å"hither, thither, down, up it carries them” (15). This motion echoes their plight. They are forced to come to this place, though in the same instant that they moldin ess come, their will is to go. This oscillating motion is indicative of the fact that finding is not breaked those who have been condemned to hell. Hell is a place that commands, and all who go there must heed its every whim. There is also zippo inherently rational about that place, or at least its readys are not bound to be so. The vacillation of the winds shows that caprices of punishment are to be expected. yet all will be punishment.Ideas of combat and battles are expressed by the motion in the passage. warfare and all that is connected with such an event is turn over in the episode’s movements. Looting and pillage are involved in these events. The place is exposit as moving â€Å"as the sea does in a tempest, if it be combated by opposing winds” (15). The winds issue again in this image, but this time their motion creates an atmosphere of battle. This place is one of fighting, where the event smites and molests the â€Å"spirits in its rapine” (15) .The whole atmosphere is set forth as a restless hurricane that pummels the souls that come indoors its domain. It rushes and blasts them, so that its very motion is of a type that harms and invites (impossible) retaliation. The only record of the souls’ giving back defile is in their lamentation, which smites the speaker as he comes nigh(a) them. Though it is a battle, it is one that is already won for hell. Its pounding motions perpetrate upon its prisoners a torment that grants them no repose.Another motion that depicts the nature of hell is its ability to trim its will upon the damned souls. This ties in with the ideas that have kaput(p) before: the souls are often being carried and led. The shades are borne along by strife (15), and their motion in the air forms that of a long line, as the captives are being led in the track of death and damnation. This subjugation to the will of the forces of darkness reverberate the subjection these souls once had to their own evil lusts.They are described as having been â€Å"called by desire” (16); called, not just in the sense of a foreign summoning but in the necessity they intuitive feeling to move toward the source of the calling. These souls find themselves in hell because of influences upon their actions that have caused their motions toward things. It depicts a resignation to forces that cause actions that in turn lead to the peril of the damned, on whose get around passivity (the lack of autonomous motion) is implied.This idea is broad in the stories of those whose love was the precipitant of their doom; it, in effect, was the catalyst of their motion toward hell. This love led them, and they in their passivity allowed themselves to be led. In fact, when the speaker addresses one of the souls described as being in motion â€Å"through the lurid air” (16), the same soul is described as â€Å"benign,” and this gives an idea of stillness and passivity that hints that the en ergy for its motion is generated by an outside source.Love is a slave-driver to all of them, continually making them move toward things they otherwise cleverness not have chosen. Some even killed themselves for love, and this signifies a motion toward death that ushered their entrance into hell. Strangely, Achilles was someways able to deviate slightly from this trend. He, after being ruled by love for so long, makes a motion toward self-government and fights with love. There is no march of his triumph, however, as he remains one of the captives of hell.In order to allow the lover Francesca to tell her story, the motions of the winds hush and the seas kick the bucket quiet. A level of calm is depicted in the cessation of the motion of elements even beyond the district of hell. The city of the speaker’s birth rests its saddle upon the seashore, and this motion effects the stillness of the waves. The river Po is seen as descending in order to have peace, so it too moves f rom motion to stillness. Prior to this, a quasi-invocation to the â€Å" tycoon of the universe” (16) was given by the speaker for Francesca’s peace.Its effect is this stillness that would allow her to speak of happier times, and grant her at least a respite, if not assoil relief. This seems to point toward a purgatorial notion of hell, where the lifetime can pray to God for the succour of the damned. It implies that the motions of hell that grant agony to the spirits can be shielded by a divine Hand, throw out implying that hell itself is driven by an even great power than itself.It is evident that the images of motion in the fifth canto of Dante’s Inferno create a kinetic theme that moves the reader along from the entrance to the inlet through to the other dimensions of hell. The motions are indicative of the authority of hell over the souls that are quartered there. Ideas of abasement are dominant in the souls’ lack of autonomy, in their fixatio n to do the will of the forces that surround them.Their spirits are flung upon winds, just as in life their wills were navigated by their desires. Other motions tell of a hell as a battlefield of lost causes, as the spirits are doomed, regardless of any desire they might have to fight. The nature of hell is to subdue and to punish, and its motions are ministrants of power that deals out anguish.\r\n'

'Compare the relationship and characters Essay\r'

'As Winston continues to write his diary, he begins to write it as though it were for O’Brien to read. contempt the incident that Winston has been having a relationship with a fair sex c whollyed Julia, he excuse emotional stirs the need to look toward O’Brien for approval of his ideas. When O’Brien invites him to his house, Winston begins to believe that in fact, O’Brien is a conspirator against the Party. Winston visits O’Brien and admits to being a â€Å" conceit criminal”. O’Brien tells Winston that â€Å"The Brotherhood”, a shadowy organisation run by Emmanuel Goldstein that is working(a) against â€Å"the Party”, does indeed exist.\r\nO’Brien is thorough and aphoristic in his explanation. We see very subtle clues however, that O’Brien could be farting Winston into a trap. He is unsurprised to hear Winston repeat the quote from his dream â€Å"we shall incur again in the place where there is no evil” and repeats it himself as though it were repetition of a previously held conversation â€Å"‘in the place where there is no darkness’ he express, as though he had recognised the allusion. ” (Page 185) He besides claim’s earlier â€Å"we are the dead” (Page 183). This was something Winston had said earlier in the parole that O’Brien couldn’t confirm heard unless he had been spying on him.\r\n in spite of this Winston’s admiration grows for O’Brien to close to worship. Again this reinforces Winston’s weakness. Despite the fact that O’Brien could easily be a member of the purview Police attempting to entrap him, he is quite instinctive to admit to being a thought criminal. scour though O’Brien gave off a clue that he whitethorn have been spying on him, Winston suspicion is not aroused and in fact his admiration of O’Brien is increased. O’Brien seems to be everythi ng Winston is not. Winston is neurotic, anxious(p) and physically weak.\r\nHe lacks the power to change the sphere he lives in and looks to others to take for the initiative and lead him in his revolt against the system. O’Brien is so calm, chill and collected. He gives off an air of inner violence and power this is accentuated by his strong physical form. Despite this he also has a softer, kindly expression to his nature. He seems to have all the answers to Winston’s questions and makes him feel safe â€Å"When you looked at O’Brien’s puissant shoulders and his blunt-featured face, so ugly yet so civilised, it was unachievable to believe he could be defeated” (Page 183).\r\nWinston shows all the classic signs of looking toward O’Brien as a father figure. Later on after receiving â€Å"the book” from O’Brien, a piece that Documents the true call forth of the world and how to bring chain reactor the party, Winston is c aptured by â€Å"The judgment Police” He is taken to the â€Å"Ministry of Love” on that point are no windows and the lights are constantly on. of a sudden the statement â€Å"the place where there is no darkness” comes into focus. What had seemed like a positive analogy with the nefariousness alluding to the unpleasant world of 1984 is turned on its head.\r\nWhat was truly meant was that the place where there is no darkness is in truth a jail, where the lights are never turned off. Winston still has a blind faith in O’Brien and futilely believes that O’Brien may try and dispense with him. However, O’Brien and Winston are ab forth to meet again, provided their relationship is about to enter a unused stage. When O’Brien appears at the door of his cell, Winston even so right off deludes himself into thinking that O’Brien has been captured.\r\nHowever he before long puts Winston straight indicating that he is Winstonâ €™s incarcerator and telling him â€Å"You knew this Winston” and adds â€Å"you have al shipway known it” (both Page 251). After a serial of beating that degrade Winston to a state of almost complete humiliation, O’Brien begins to interrogate him. O’Brien begins by breaking him down with a series of torture techniques and drugs. In one instance, O’Brien takes Winston’s symbolic stance that â€Å"Freedom is the Freedom to assure 2 + 2 = 4” and finished a series of Electrocutions makes Winston start to believe that 2 + 2 actually = 5.\r\nO’Brien tells Winston that by controlling entrepot and records, that â€Å"The Party” apprise dictate reality â€Å"who controls the prehistoric controls the future and who controls the future controls the past” (Page 260). O’Brien also tells Winston that they do not int decease to punish him, provided simply convert him to their ways of thought, before he is exec uted. O’Brien has undoubtedly become Winston’s tormentor, pose him through horrendous torture. He has broken Winston down and begins to undermine all of his free thinking ideas. O’Brien and Winston move toward a Teacher/Pupil relationship.\r\n akin a promising student Winston questions O’Brien’s beliefs, forcing him to justify them. Whilst O’Brien almost sees Winston as a proti?? gi?? e, trying to show Winston the error of his ways â€Å"He had the air of a Doctor, a Teacher, even a Priest, anxious to explain and persuade quite a than punish. ” O’Brien also displays an ability to read Winston’s mind. It may be that he has a extrasensory power, but it could also be the scientific go on that O’Brien seems to take with everything he does. He is an able in the subject of thought.\r\nI believe that he has studied Winston in immense detail everyplace many years and can actually visit his thought patterns. Oâ€⠄¢Brien has already thought out their conversations in his head and predicted Winston’s responses. He is an experience interrogator and probable member of the Thought Police. It is potential he is able to pick up from a person’s expressions and body language what they may be thinking. I also think that the consociate between them may have seen O’Brien take a special interest in Winston, perchance the same thought patterns had crossed O’Brien’s mind at some stage in his life.\r\nEventually Winston is almost completely â€Å"cured”. However, he retains his love of Julia. O’Brien decides to expose him to his worst charge in Room 101. Winston wears a mask that allows rats to be released on his face. He has an immense fear of discover’s and finally screams out for them to be released on Julia instead of him. Finally O’Brien has reached through into his intelligence and Winston is truly defeated. The book ends with Winst on drinking coffee in a bar where Traitors live out their age before execution. Winston has abandoned all his ideas of free thought and rebellion.\r\nHe realises that rather than hating salient Brother, he actually loves overlarge Brother. O’Brien and Winston’s relationship goes through several stages. It starts with Winston seeing O’Brien as a hope, somebody who might be having the same thoughts as him. Then he believes O’Brien will be the freedom fighter who will put an end to the totalitarian state the world has become. Finally he becomes Winston’s tormentor, inflicting pain on him in grade to â€Å"cure” him of his â€Å"disease”. Through all this though O’Brien and Winston’s relationship maintains a theme.\r\nWinston looks up to O’Brien as somebody with immense Power, who can protect him and control his destiny. Even during torture when O’Brien is unseen Winston believes he is there, orchestrating the beatings and keeping him alive. He believes blindly throughout that O’Brien is his saviour. In the end perchance O’Brien does become his saviour. Winston finally is released from the fear of Big Brother and detection for thought crime. He loves Big Brother and looks forward to his execution. In the end, despite the catastrophe of his failure, Winston finally seems to be able to face his component alone.\r\n'

'Launching the BMW Z3 Roadster Essay\r'

'BMW Z3 is the basic BMW automobile which is cosmos manufactured in North America which has non been a very big market [roughly around 16%] for BMW because of the inability of the American client to helper with a foreign tick name. Therefore the sales and market approach of BMW Z3 give lay the foundations of the future of BMW flaw in America. Their phase I was a success, and they had both months between the launch and the product availability to and ingrain their notice image in the black Maria of the Americans. So how to strengthen their brand campaign for the coming two months was their main concern.\r\nBrand symbol is an chief(prenominal) aspect in the motorrailway automobile industry as it is the brand image that drives the person to sully the automobile and defines the tar discover market and therefore the revenues. This could be support from the past: their shift in positioning from â€Å"yuppie shape” to â€Å"Ultimate Driving Vehicle” led to a 18% outgrowth in sales in one year.\r\nFor BMW Z3 brand they wanted to preserve their study for driving performance but reposition their political machines as stylish and fun to drive so that they regulate into the minds and hearts of the American public and the vehicle get downs a cultural icon.\r\nWith the plan of leveraging the excitement and warmth of the guest base in a elbow room that it will draw maximum attention and relate to the brand â€Å"non-traditional” marketing methods were chosen. These methods were more cost efficient because of the psychographic segmentation and delivered to a broader base which was the major purpose of BMW. It was also different and unconventional which was what BMW wanted to cerebrate with their unique brand.\r\nAll their various marketing campaigns which include release of â€Å"Golden Eye”, in which their motorcar was featured as â€Å"Bond’s car”, screening in the â€Å"Tonight Show”, imp ortant Park launch event, radio DJ program, Neiman Marcus catalogue Offer and the video were completed by November which were golden success and helped in building the required brand image which were reinforced through the traditional media candidature in December.\r\nThese campaigns were successful as they were adequate to convey favorable product reviews and they also resulted in 9000 pre-bookings ofttimes high than the judge 5000.\r\nAs an asset a brand name has to be carefully managed so that its brand equity does not decrease. Therefore BMW will put up to take up some brand building initiatives so that the brand name dust in the market. As they have got more than expected pre-orders which is going to strain their existing process there is no point in going for sales increasing marketing strategies. It should be related to customer satisfaction because if these customers become advocates for BMW Z3 they will be able to convince more prospects in their reference groups to become customers.\r\nThrough these customers BMW can also get information regarding the various cultural, personal, social and psychological factors that drove them to buy BMW Z3 on which they could base their second phase of brand building events.\r\nSo therefore in January their first initiatives should be to send survey forms and invites for an exclusive testing run for the various customers who have placed orders. therefore in the month of February have road shows passim the country where the prospective buyers of the car will have a first hand feel of the car they are going to buy. This will help in building a market through customer referral and building a â€Å"pull” market for the car rather than a â€Å"push” market. Customers could also be given details of their car and the various facilities they get as a package along with the car so that can perceive a higher â€Å"customer delivered value” for their car.\r\nIn addition the spate who attend the promotion shows could be given t-shirts with the logotype â€Å"I have driven BMW 3Z” to further increase the brand awareness and strengthen the IInd phase of branding.\r\nThe car could also be taken out on long drives through the cities where there will be maximum visibility.\r\nThe above brand campaigns will not be able to generate any leads in the present but will help in bringing twin advantage of brand reelect and improving customer rating of the brand.\r\n'